【作者】 邹华；

【导师】 周彦煌；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 兵器科学与技术， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 为现代战争需要,大幅地提高智能弹药火炮的初速至关重要,而随行装药技术是公认的能够明显提高火炮初速的有效技术途径之一。目前,国内外对随行装药技术的研究,按其工作模式不同,主要有捆绑式、弹底粘结式和包容式等。虽然这些随行技术都有一定的增速效果,但同时也存在许多缺陷。如捆绑式和粘结式随行装药要求具有比主装药更高的燃速,有时甚至要求具有特别高的燃速；而包容式随行装药,其弹丸消极重量增加较多。从而给随行装药方案的实现带来了难以克服的困难。特别当要求现有随行装药较大幅度提高射弹初速时,最终都将伴随弹底最大压力明显增加,即伴随射弹承受过载的增加的风险,这是这几种随行装药发射方案的内在规律决定的。然而,这对于火炮发射智能炮弹而言,过载超过极限是不允许的。为了克服传统随行装药方案存在的缺点,本文进行了如下几个方面的探索和研究：1.简要地评述了现有几种随行装药方案提高初速的可行性和局限性。在此基础上,重点针对包容式固体随行装药方案,建立了内弹道理论模型,并编程进行了数值模拟计算及分析。结果表明,包容式固体随行装药在取得一定增速效果的同时,不可避免地存在增加射弹过载和显著增加射弹消极质量等问题,其中关于射弹过载对智能弹药的重要性在以往同类论文中尚未充分展开研究和讨论。2.采用理论和实验相结合的方法对包覆随行装药发射方案进行了较为系统地研究。针对105mm坦克炮建立了包覆阻燃层受热融化与随行发射条件下两区域内弹道模型,并编程进行了模拟计算,计算表明,理论计算结果与实验结果基本一致,说明所建立的理论模型和编制的相应软件是正确可信的。初步研究表明,在不改变火炮和弹丸结构以及不增加最大膛压和弹丸过载条件下包覆随行装药取得4.4%的增速效果,且弹丸不存在消极质量问题。理论研究表明若将随行药量相对主装药的比例调整至30%左右,包覆随行装药方案的初速增幅将达到6.7%。3.提出了一种新型的随行装药方案,该方案运用差动原理,采用多体组合设计,保证发射过程中弹丸不同组合件之间发生相对运动,实现弹载随行工质能自动向弹后空间连续喷射。在弹后空间高温燃气作用下,喷射出来的未燃随行工质就地继续燃烧,产生的燃气能有效弥补或消除弹丸运动引发的稀疏波影响,从而提高火炮工作容积利用率,弹丸初速得以显著提高。同时,构建了设计必要条件,为通过内弹道优化、设计出既能增加初速又能有效地控制射弹过载的差动自喷弹药奠定了基础。4.建立了液体发射药作为随行装药的差动随行发射方案火炮内弹道理论模型,包括差动随行组合弹药动力学模型及弹后空间伴随加质加能的内弹道模型。分别考虑液体药不可压缩和可压缩两种情况,编程进行数值模拟计算,采用现有155mm口径火炮参数及其相应装填条件结果表明,液体差动随行装药可以显著地提高射弹初速,在额定的最大膛压和弹丸过载条件下,比现有常规装药射弹初速的增幅可达到21%。5.建立了采用现有固体发射药作随行药的固体差动随行装药方案内弹道理论模型,并编程进行了多方案数值计算,该方案与现有火炮具有良好的相容性。计算分析针对两种不同的应用背景,一种是以超远程发射需求为背景,以160mm和155mm口径火炮为对象,结果表明,在保持最大膛压、身管行程长、飞行弹重和射弹底部最大压力不变条件下,比常规装药提高初速能达到17%,远远超过现有随行装药方案。第二是以提高现有155mm加榴炮装备的炮射导弹初速和射程为背景,为提高现有炮射智能弹药远程精确打击能力寻求优化方案。结果表明,采用固体差动随行装药方案,在保持现有最大膛压和炮射导弹承受过载不变条件下,提高射弹初速200m/s,提高比例为31.8%；如同时采用次口脱壳设计技术,射弹质量40kg,初速提高260m/s,提高比例为37.7%。6.采用现有修正质点外弹道模型和优化气动参量,对差动随行提高射弹初速而带来的射程增加量进行了计算和评估。结果表明,采用差动随行发射方案,增大射距存在很大空间。7.提出了一种弹装电容式高过载微型加速度计核心部件的结构设计方案,其量程为13300g,固有频率高达100KHz,并具有良好的静态和动态特性。本文成果为现有火炮武器系统的改进、革新以及未来的探索与创新提供了新的思路、途径和方向,在如下几个方面具有重要的现实意义和深远的理论指导意义：(1)在不改变现有火炮和射弹结构条件下,采用包覆随行装药方案,实质上是通过装药结构的改进设计,可将现装备的火炮初速提高4.4%～6.8%。(2)在不改变火炮最大膛压、射弹过载、弹重和弹丸行程长条件下,采用差动随行装药方案,可以大幅度提高弹丸初速(17%～21%)。该发射方案与滑翔弹设计技术相结合,应用于160mm口径火炮,可将50kg质量的弹丸发射至98.85km,从而实现超远程发射；将这一组合技术应用于现有155mm炮射智能弹,可将射程增加100%以上。更多还原

【Abstract】 Significant increase of the muzzle velocity of intelligent ammunition is critical to meet the requirement of modern war. Traveling charge technology is recognized as one of the effective techniques to improve the muzzle velocity of artillery. Current researches on traveling charge technology can be classified, in terms of operation mode, as strap-on mode, projectile base adhered mode, enclosed mode, etc. These techniques have quite some defects although they demonstrate certain effect on velocity increasing. For example, strap-on mode and base adhered mode requires higher burning rate or even very high burning rate than main charge; enclosed mode increases the passive weight. These defects result in formidable difficulties in traveling charge schemes. Especially if we want to substantially increase the muzzle velocity of projectiles for existing traveling charge, the projectiles will consequently appear significant base pressure increase and risk of projectiles overload due to the nature of these traveling charge firing schemes. Overload is not allowed in fire of intelligent ammunition gun.In order to overcome the defects in traditional traveling charge scheme, this thesis studies and explores follow aspects:1. This thesis reviews the feasibilities and restrictions of existing traveling charge schemes on the improvement of muzzle velocity. Based on the review, this thesis focuses the study on enclosed mode of solid traveling charge, then establishes an interior ballistic theoretical model and conducts a series of numerical simulation and analysis. The study result shows that enclosed mode of solid traveling charge is effective to increase muzzle velocity in a certain range, but inevitably encounters the issues of projectiles overload and significant projectile passive weight. The importance of projectiles overload to the intelligent ammunition has not been fully discussed and studied yet in previous similar researches.2. This thesis conducts systematical researches on the coated traveling charge by using combination of theoretical and experimental approaches. The theoretical two-region interior ballistic model with coated traveling charge to 105mm caliber tank gun was established and programming simulation was conducted afterwards. The calculation results show the theoretical model is consistent with the experimental results, therefore demonstrate the corresponding theoretical model is correct and credible. The preliminary study shows that coated traveling charge scheme is able to achieve 4.4% increase of velocity and no passive weight problem occurs under the conditions of not changing the structure of artillery and projectile and nor increasing the maximum bore pressure and projectile overload conditions. The theoretical model demonstrates that coating traveling charge scheme is able to achieve 6.7% increase of velocity if adjust the coating propellant ratio to 30% of main charge.3. This thesis proposes a new type of traveling charge scheme with differential principle and multi-body design to ensure the relative movement between different assemblages of projectile hence to achieve continuous in-bore space jet of missile-borne traveling working medium. The ejected un-combusted mediums will combust in situ with the effect of high temperature inside in-bore space. The energy of combustion can effectively compensate or eliminate the impact of rarefaction wave due to projectile motion. Therefore the new traveling charge scheme is able to improve the utilization rate of gun working volume, hence to significantly increase the muzzle velocity. In the same time, this thesis constructs conditions of design which aims, through optimizing interior ballistic design, not only to increase the muzzle velocity but also to effectively control projectile overload for differential automatic injecting ammunition.4. This thesis establishes an interior ballistic theoretical model with liquid differential traveling charge, which combines differential traveling charge kinetic model and interior ballistic model accompanying increased mass and energy inside in-bore space. Considering two cases, compressible liquid propellant and incompressible liquid propellant, the research simulates the artillery parameters and charging conditions for 155mm caliber artillery via numerical calculation. The results show liquid differential traveling charge can significantly improve muzzle velocity. Under the conditions of rated maximum bore pressure and projectile overload, it is able to achieve 21% more muzzle velocity than conventional charge.5. This thesis establishes an interior ballistic theoretical model with solid differential traveling charge for solid propellant. The calculation results of multiple cases show the model has good compatibility on existing artillery. The research selects two different applications. One application is required for extreme long range such as 160mm or 155mm caliber artillery. The result shows the solid differential traveling charge scheme is able to achieve 17% more muzzle velocity than conventional charge without changing the conditions of maximum bore pressure, tube length, projectile weight and projectile base pressure. Other application is to improve the muzzle velocity and firing range of cannon-launched guided missile for existing 155mm gun-howitzer, hence to optimize long-range strike precision of intelligent ammunition. The results show solid differential traveling charge is able to increase muzzle velocity 200m/s more without changing the conditions of maximum bore pressure and projectile overload and the increasing ratio is 31%. If subcaliber sabot design technique is used simultaneously, projectile mass is 40kg, the muzzle velocity can be increased 260m/s and the increasing ratio is 37.7%.6. This thesis calculates and evaluates the muzzle velocity increase of differential traveling charge scheme by applying modified particle external trajectory model and optimizing aerodynamic parameters. The results show differential traveling charge firing schemes can increase firing range effectively.7. A structure design of core component of missile-borne high-G micro capacitive accelerometer is derived in this scheme. Range of this accelerometer is 13300g and inherent frequency of the accelerometer is 100KHz. The accelerometer possesses preferable static and dynamic response characters.The research achievement of this thesis provides a new thinking, technical approach and development direction for the improvement, innovation and future development of existing gun weapon system. The research delivers practical importance and future development guidance in follow aspects:(1) The coating traveling charge scheme, essentially the improvement of charging structure design, is able to achieve 4.4%-6.8% increase of muzzle velocity on existing artillery without changing existing artillery and projectile structure condition.(2) Without changing the maximum bore pressure, projectile overload, weight and travel of projectile, differential traveling charge scheme can greatly improve the muzzle velocity (from 17% to 21%). In case of combining the differential traveling charge scheme and glide bomb design on existing 160mm caliber artillery, it is able to launch the 50kg projectile 98.85km range, hence to achieve extreme long range firing. Applying the combined technology on existing 155mm intelligent ammunition, it is able to increase 100% firing range.更多还原