【作者】 杨其宇；

【导师】 王钦若；

【作者基本信息】 广东工业大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 大多数风机、水泵需要根据生产工况对流量进行调节,目前此类大功率拖动设备大多采用风门、挡板的方式进行调节,这种方式结构简单,但是调节效果不佳,同时造成了巨大的能量浪费。积极探索与推广大功率风机、水泵的节能与高性能的调速技术具有重要意义。论文提出了一种针对高压大功率转子绕线电机的转子斩波调速系统,在电机的转子侧采用调整主回路中升压斩波占空比的方法来进行调速。论文分析了转子斩波调速系统的调速原理,建立了动态数学模型；针对系统非线性问题采用基于Laguerre函数序列的非线性系统的预测控制；针对强噪音干扰的电流信号采用混合滤波算法进行预处理;针对交错并联斩波主回路的开路故障问题采用基于确定学习理论的动态模式快速故障诊断方法；实际系统的设计与实现。论文主要研究内容及研究成果如下：1.分析了转子斩波调速的原理、建立了转子斩波调速系统的数学模型,得到调速系统的动态结构图。动态系统模型的建立,为控制提供了理论基础。2.为了改善绕线转子异步电动机转子斩波调速系统的性能,以适应大功率风机在不同工况时对速度控制的需求,引入了基于Laguerre函数的自适应预测控制策略。提出了多步预测、多步控制的全量式控制算法和增量式控制算法。将Laguerre函数模型与Volterra泛函级数相结合,推导了N阶Laguerre函数序列表达的非线性系统的近似模型,把基于线性Laguerre函数模型的预测控制策略拓展到非线性控制领域,并且改进了参数辨识算法,推导了基于Laguerre函数序列的非线性预测控制律。仿真结果表明该控制策略降低了转子斩波调速系统的超调量,使得整个调速过程平稳且迅速,有效改善了动态系统的瞬态响应和稳态响应性能。3.建立了多相升压斩波电路的动态控制模型,分析了多相升压斩波电路正常状态及开路故障状态下的总输入电流纹波的特征及斜率变化规律,为后续的故障诊断提供了理论基础。4.针对由严重的电磁干扰造成的电流信号包含较多的冲击噪音和高斯噪音的问题,提出了基于中值滤波与平均滤波相结合的混合数字滤波器的方法,能有效滤除原始信号中的冲击和高斯噪音,为后续的信号处理提供了先决条件。5. 针对基于单电流信号的多相交错并联升压斩波转换器的某相开路故障难以在线诊断的问题,本文研究了基于确定学习理论的动态模式快速识别方法,实现了利用总输入电流信号对多相升压斩波转换器的开路故障作出快速诊断。运用确定学习理论,可以提取多相升压斩波电路的开路信号的动态信息,所提取的动态信息以常值神经网络权值的方式存储,运用这些动态信息构造动态估计器,并采用动态模式快速识别方法对系统进行故障诊断。仿真及实验结果表明了采用确定学习的故障跟踪及诊断方法对多相交错并联升压斩波器的开路故障诊断是迅速有效的。6. 多相交错并联升压斩波变换器需要的驱动信号是多路且相移均分的IGBT驱动信号。针对控制器PLC高速数字输出口不足的问题,设计了脉冲分配适配器,采用晶振分频结合串联移位寄存器的方法对单路高速PWM信号进行等分移相及分发,并利用光纤传送IGBT驱动信号,满足了升压斩波变换器的驱动要求,增强了IGBT驱动的抗干扰能力,从而提高了调速系统的电路稳定性。7. 针对PLC对高压大电流IGBT驱动故障信号处理速度慢的问题,设计了ns级处理速度的光纤故障信号判别电路,能对多路IGBT光纤故障信号进行并行高速判别,发现故障后可立即关闭IGBT驱动信号,有效解决了PLC故障信号处理速度慢的问题,降低了大功率IGBT损坏概率。8. 针对大功率直流母排杂散电感过大的问题,利用有限元软件仿真分析了叠层母排的层间距、布局等因素对杂散电感大小的影响,实现了低感叠层母排的设计。针对大功率IGBT风冷散热效率不高,容易造成IGBT温升过大损坏的问题,提出水冷散热的方法。利用有限元软件对冷板的水流速度分布和温度分布进行了仿真分析,实现了大功率IGBT散热水冷系统的优化设计9. 设计的高温风机转子斩波调速系统己在云南某水泥厂实际投产,运行稳定,较之原来的风门挡板调节方式年节省电费达100万元/套。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is essential to regulate the flow of the fans and pumps to meet some specific production requirements according to the actual situation. For most kind of the high power electric drive equipment, such regulation is usually achieved through the control of throttles and baffles. Though the principle of the mechanism is relatively simple, but it is always accompanied by a huge waste of energy and the performance is not so ideal. So it is of great theretical value and practical significance to study on the energy-saving and high-performance speed regulation drive technology.To solve the above problem, a rotor chopper speed control system for high-voltage and high power wounded rotor induction machine is proposed by adjusting the duty cycle of the boost converter. The dynamic mathematical model is derived with the analysis of the principle of the system. Then a model predictive control stategy is put forward based on Laguerre sequence, meanwhile, a hybrid filter pretreatment for current signal is utilized for filtering the strong noise and a rapid fault diagnosis based on determinatics learning theory for open circuit of interleaved boost converter. The real system is designed and implemented.The pricipal contents and results are as follows:1. By analysing the principle of the rotor speed of the chopper, the dynamic structure of the speed control system has been constructed. A mathematical model of the dynamic system is established to provide a theoretical basis for the control.2. In order to improve the performance of rotor chopper controlled of wound rotor induction motor to adapt the power fans to different conditions of demand for speed control, adaptive predictive control based on Laguerre function policy has been employed. Predictive control methods and object-based modeling based on Laguerre function sequence have been proposed, several adaptive predictive control algorithms have been designed roled as the speed regulator, simulation results indicate that using this control strategy can reduce the overshoot of rotor chopper speed control system, make the whole process smooth and fast, effectively improve the transient response and steady-state performance of the dynamic response of the system.3. The dynamic control model of multi-phase boost chopper circuit has been built and the total input current ripple characteristics and its slope change law under the normal state and the state of open-circuit fault of multi-phase boost chopper circuit have been found, that provide theory basis for successive fault diagnosis.4. Impacted by the severe electromagnetic interference the current signals contain many impulse noise and Gaussian noise, the hybrid digital filter combined median filter and average filter has been proposed, it can filter the impulse noise and Gaussian noise in the original signals. The hybrid digital filter is one of the necessary prerequisites to the successive signals process.5. The paper makes a research of the dynamic mode rapid fault diagnosis method based on definite learning theory to solve the problem of on-line fault diagnosis in one phase open circuit fault in the multi-phase interleaved boost chopper in parallel converter which is based on a single current signal. Using the total input current signal the method can rapidly diagnose an open circuit fault of the multi-phase boost chopper converter.The open circuit signal dynamic information of the multi-phase interleaved boost chopper converter can be drew by applying the definite learning theory and stored as the way as neural network constant weights. Dynamic estimator has been constructed by the dynamic information and the dynamic mode rapid fault diagnosis method is used to diagnose faults of the system. The simulation and experimental results show that the method by use of definite learning to trace and diagnose a fault in open-circuit fault diagnosis multi-phase interleaved boost chopper in parallel converter is rapid and effective.6. The drive signal of the multi-phase interleaved boost chopper in parallel converter is IGBT drive signal that is multi-channel and phase shift equalization. To solve the high-speed digital output shortage problem of PLC controller, a pulse distribution adapter has been designed and phase shift equalization and distribution of the single high speed PWM signal have been realized by the way of combining a crystal divider with series shift register. IGBT drive signal was transmited by optical fiber to meet the drive requirements of the boost chopper converter. In this way IGBT drive interference capability has been enhanced, thereby the circuit stability of speed control system has improved.7. For the slow process speed of PLC to a high voltage high current IGBT drive fault signal, fiber failure signal determination circuit with ns stage processing speed has been designed. It can parallelly and high-speed identificate fault signals of multi-channel IGBT optical fiber, IGBT drive signal can be turned off as soon as fault detection, so effective solution to the slow process speed of PLC to a fault signal has been implemented, thereby the probability of high-power IGBT damage reduces.8. In terms of the problem that high-power DC busbar stray inductance is too big, finite element software has applied to simulate and analyze the impact that interlayer spacing, layout and other factors of laminated busbar on the stray inductance size, so a low inductance laminated busbar design has achieved. For high-power IGBT air cooling efficiency is not high, IGBT damages easily caused by the excessive temperature rise, water cooling method has been proposed for the replacement the air cooling. Finite element software has applied to simulate and analyze the flow velocity distribution and temperature distribution of cold plate and the optimal design of high-power IGBT cooling water cooling system has implemented.9. High-temperature fan speed control system has actually been run stably in a cement plant in Yunnan, the annual saving of 1 million yuan per sets.更多还原