【作者】 刘颖；

【导师】 王晋新；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 世界史， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 本学位论文以9世纪中叶加洛林王朝的一部贵族妇女多达所著的训子家书《人生指南》为主要研究对象。具体说来就是:以多达的《人生指南》为中心,对其丰富内涵和独特特征加以细密考察;以多达这位女性的生平与塞普提曼尼亚的伯纳德家族的兴衰为纽带,探究个人、家族、国家、社会之间的相互关系;从一位妇女、一个家庭、一个家族的命运观察加洛林社会的变迁;反过来,以社会变迁来对《人生指南》的内涵做出解说,从变动不居的社会环境来对一位妇女、一位母亲的情怀加以揭示;从各种社会集团之间的政治较量、斗争,对一个家庭、一个家族命运给出答案。重点是将这部文献置于加洛林社会整体发展之中,来判断、评价其所表述的内容、诉求的社会价值和时代意义;并同其他历史文献相互印证,认识、揭示个人、家庭、家族命运与国家、社会、时代的关系;来展示加洛林社会中诸种矛盾、冲突和斗争,进而寻求对西方文明早期阶段整个法兰克社会深入和真实的认识。在探究和撰写过程中,笔者坚持历史唯物主义史观为理论指导;坚持存在决定意识、社会存在决定社会意识的基本原理;坚持具体问题具体分析的研究方法;力求做到个案探究与整体分析相结合,即个人、家庭、家族的命运与社会、时代的历史运动相结合。笔者力求做到史料研读与理论认知相结合,即回归原始史料文献,一切皆从史料文本出发,结合社会运动历史,来看取所研究对象的历史价值与意义。为此本人搜集了《人生指南》、《王室法兰克年代记》等原始史料文献(英文、中文译本)11种,16篇。坚持运用历史学、文献史料学等诸种成熟的分析方法,又借鉴诠释学(阐释学)、文化史、社会史、文明史,宗教学等学科的方法理论。为此笔者搜集了英文各类学术文献70种,中文文献30余种。全文整体结构由主体内容和辅助内容两大部分组成,其中引言、正文(四章)和结语等三部分为正文的主体内容;以文献目录、王朝世系、家谱图表和后记等为辅助内容。引言:共分三节。分别主要就选题缘起和主要研究对象做一陈述交代;对所涉及的国内外,特别是20世纪70年代以降的西方学界的研究状况和主要相关史料、学术研究文献加以综述;并对全文的研究方法和基本思路、结构框架等加以扼要说明,为正文论述的展开做一铺垫。正文:共分四章。各章主要内容为:第一章:共分四节。主要是从文献学和学术史两个视角,对《人生指南》这一文献的版本、抄本的存续、流传;撰写语言、体例;篇章结构;主要内容以及17世纪以来西方文献学界、语言文学界、史学界对其整理、编辑和翻译以及认识的基本脉络和基本评价予以介绍。笔者还对当今西方学术界的各种研究论著等文献进行了一定程度的梳理,对上个世纪下半叶以来晚近一个时期,西方学术界从女性史、社会史、教育史、政治史等各种角度和层面,对多达著述的各种探析和研究态势加以简要评估。第二章:共分四节。前两节主要是结合各种历史文献所载史实和学术文献中所反映的当今学界的研究成果,对8、9世纪之间的加洛林王朝与贵族、王朝统治与贵族政治之间的某些密切关联特征加以梳理和认识;对塞普提曼尼亚伯纳德家族与加洛林王室的渊源;伯纳德的先祖功绩和该家族兴起过程等加以概要梳理。第三节主要是对多达本人的考察、分析。鉴于有关其本人史料极度匮乏,笔者从当时各种史料中,对多达的出身、婚姻、所受教育等状况加以辨析,尽可能地将有血有肉有灵魂思想的多达个性面貌呈现出来。而在第四节中,笔者欲从为人母、为人妻的特定角色和身处孤独、病患等特殊境况等多位角度出发,来透视多达这位女性内心之中的挚爱、忧患与哀怨,从而探究多达之所以要撰著这部著述的实际心理缘由。第三章,共分三节。本章主要是以文本分析方法,紧密结合文献自身内容,分别从信仰、忠诚、修身和家族观念意识等四个维度或层面,集中地对《人生指南》这部文献进行深度剖析。在勾勒多达所表达的“望子成龙”期冀中,辨析多达本人内心的理想价值模式中,揣摩价值取向;在多达鼓励其子追求完美的催促中,寻觅其所奉行的奉君之术与交友之道;从多达内心之虔诚、华丽之笔法和喋喋不休的反复述说中,体悟维系、延续家族血脉的个体诉求;尽可能以细密分析,来展示一位独特贵族女性的精神世界,并看取其同加洛林时代与社会总体精神状态之间的关系。第四章,共分三节。前两节主要展示和论及多达本人之渴望、期盼与其子威廉和其夫君伯纳德之悲惨的政治下场结局之间的巨大反差;并力求在展示这些巨大反差的同时,揭示加洛林时代贵族政治的充满私利的运行机制和极端残酷的争斗性质。第三节则主要以多达次子小伯纳德及其子孙的命运来展示9世纪下半叶伯纳德家族的复兴之势,这种复兴伯纳德、威廉父子及其家族悲惨境遇构成了又一种反差。同时又从史诗传奇或英雄传奇所体现的伯纳德家族在后世民间诗人吟唱中的荣耀与现实和历史文献中所载伯纳德家族凄惶命运之间的巨大反差。笔者在文中就上述这些反差的“历史”给予评述,从而对以个人、家庭、家族为一方,以国家、社会和时代为另一方的加洛林时代的历史进行互动分析。结论,共分两个部分。一是对前述诸章节所述内容加以归纳总结。1、《人生指南》一书无论其作者身份、性别,还是其书写内容、撰著体例都极具特色,是当时唯一一部由世俗女性著述的文献,唯一一部由母亲撰写的“训子家书”类著述。2、以多达的《人生指南》这一著述为中心,对其丰富内涵和独特特征加以细密考察;以多达这位女性的生平与塞普提曼尼亚的伯纳德家族的兴衰为纽带,探究个人、家族、国家、社会之间的相互关系;以社会变迁来对《人生指南》的内涵做出解说,从变动不居的社会环境来对一位妇女、一位母亲的情怀加以揭示;对一个家庭、一个家族命运给出答案。3、对多达的出身、婚姻、所受教育等状况加以辨析,尽可能地将有血有肉有灵魂思想的多达个性面貌与特征呈现出来。从为人母、为人妻的特定角色和身处孤独、病患等特殊境况等多位角度出发,来透视多达这位女性内心之中的挚爱、忧患与哀怨,进而探究多达之所以要撰著这部著述的实际心理缘由。4、从信仰、忠诚两个维度,并兼顾修身和家族观念意识等层面,集中地对《人生指南》这部文献的主旨和内涵进行深度剖析。展示一位独特贵族女性的天国人间,古今一体,信仰上帝,忠于父君的精神世界。5、从多达本人及其家族命运与社会、时代之间的三种反差,揭示9世纪法兰克社会历史运动的复杂性、多样性和戏剧性。二是简要论及笔者所获得一些感受,其着眼点主要在史料文献对史学研究的根本意义、研究视野的拓展与原始文本的细密分析、继续研究的空间、中国悠久的历史和丰厚的文献对此研究的借鉴意义等四个方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dissertation takes Liber Manualis a family book written by a noble woman named Dhuoda of the Carolingian Dynasty in the mid-9th century. Specifically, it examines the rich connotation and unique features of Dhuoda’s Liber Manualis; with the life of the woman and the rise and decline of the Bernard family in Septimania as the link; explores the relations between individuals, the family, the state and society; observes the changes of Carolingian society from the angle of a woman, a family and a clan; on the contrary, explains the connotation of Liber Manualis based on social changes; exposes the emotions of a mother and woman based on the changing social environment; and reveals reasons for the destiny of a family and clan from the political conflicts of various social groups. The key is to put this book into the entire development of the Carolingian society to evaluate the contents, social values and meaning for the era it expresses and pursues; compare it with other historical literature to expose the relations between the destiny of individuals, the family and the clan, and the state, society and era; display various conflicts and fights in the Carolingian society; and thus learn about the true Frank society in the early stage of Western civilization.In the process of research and composition, the writer takes historical materialism as the theoretical guidance; sticks to the basic theory that existence determines consciousness and social existence determines social consciousness and the research method of concrete analysis for concrete problems; and tries to combine case studies with general analysis, i.e. to combine the destiny of individuals, the family and the clan with society and historical movements in the era.The writer strives to combine historical literature study with theoretical cognition, i.e. to return to historical literature, to start from historical literature, and to study the historical values and meanings of research subjects based on social movements. To this end, the writer collects such historical literature as 11 versions of or 16 articles on Liber Manualis and Annales regni Francorum(including English and Chinese translations). It applies such mature analysis methods as historiography and science of historical data and learns from the theory and methods of textualism(hermeneutics), cultural history, social history, civilization history and religious studies. In this process, the writer has collected 70 kinds of English academic documents and more than 30 kinds of Chinese literature.The entire dissertation is composed of the main body and ancillary contents, the former including the introduction, the body text(4 chapters) and conclusion and the latter including the bibliography, dynasty line, genealogy and the postscript.The introduction includes three parts, which introduce respectively the reasons and object of research; domestic and overseas research results, main historical data and academic research literature, especially those of the West; research methods, basic thinking and structure, thus laying the foundation for the body text.Body text: four chapters, which are as follows:Chapter One: four sections. It mainly introduces, from the angles of philology and academic history, the versions of Liber Manualis, the existence and continuation of its transcripts; its language and style; text structure; main contents and the compilation, translation, understanding and evaluation of Western philological, language and literary, historical fields. The writer also introduces various research works of contemporary Western academia and its exploration and research about the work of Dhuoda from the angles of women history, social history, education history and political history.Chapter Two: four sections. The former two sections, based on the research fruits of contemporary academia reflected by various historical data and academic documents, introduce the close connection between the Carolingian Dynasty and nobility, dynastic rule and noble politics; the origins of the Bernard family and the Carolingian royal family in Septimania; and the contributions of the Bernard ancestors and the rise history of this family. The third section mainly examines and analyzes Dhuoda herself. Due to lack of relevant historical data, the writer tries to reflect the unique sides of Dhuoda from her background, marriage and education. In Section 4, the writer tries to explore the true love, suffering and sadness of this woman from her role as mother and wife and special circumstances as loneliness and illness, so as to find the reasons Dhuoda created this work.Chapter Three: three sections. It analyzes Liber Manualis from religion, loyalty, self-cultivation and family concepts and awareness based on the work itself in the way of text analysis. It tries to display the expectation of Dhuoda for her son and analyses her ideal value mode and in this process; find her way of treating her husband and making friends in her expectation for her son to be perfect; understand individual desires that maintain the blood line of the family from her loyalty, gorgeous techniques of writing and repeated accounts; demonstrate the spiritual world of a unique noble woman and the relations between the Carolingian era and the entire social mental state through close analysis.Chapter Four: three sections. The former two sections mainly demonstrate the huge contrast between aspiration and expectation of Dhuoda and the miserable political end of her son William and her husband Bernard; and try to expose the selfish operation mechanism and cruel fights of noble politics in the Carolingian era. The third section demonstrates the revival of the Bernard family in the second half of the 9th century through the second son of Dhuoda, Bernard Junior, and her grandsons. Such revival constitutes a huge contrast with the miserable end of Bernard, William and their family. Meanwhile, it also demonstrates the huge contrast between the glory of the Bernard family as described by epics and sagas and their desolate destiny as described by historical documents. The writer comments on the above contrasts and makes interactive analysis on individuals, families and clans on one hand, and the state, society and era on the other hand.Conclusion: two parts. The first part summarizes the former chapters.1. Liber Manualis is unique as far as the identity and sex of its writer, the contents and style are concerned. It is the only work that is written by a woman at the time and by a mother for educating her children.2. It examines its rich connotation and unique features; with the life of Dhuoda and the rise and decline of the Bernard family in Septimania as the link, explores the relations between individuals, the family, the state and society; explains the connotation of the book based on social changes; exposes the emotions of a mother and woman based on the changing social environment; and reveals reasons for the destiny of a family and clan from the political conflicts of various social groups.3. It analyzes the background, marriage and education of Dhuoda and tries to reflect the unique features of her as a real woman with a soul. It tries to explore the true love, suffering and sadness of this woman from her role as mother and wife and special circumstances as loneliness and illness, so as to find the reasons Dhuoda created this work.4. It analyzes the substance and connotation of the book from belief, loyalty, self-cultivation and family concepts and awareness to display the spiritual world of a woman who was loyal to God, her father and husband.5. It exposes the complexity, diversity and drama of historical movements of the Frank society in the 9th century from the contrast of Dhuoda with the desity of her family, society and the era.In the second part, it introduces the feelings of the writer and concentrates on the fundamental meaning of historical documents for historical research, the extension of research horizon and the close analysis of original texts, the space of continued research, and the meaning of China’s long history and rich literature for this research.更多还原