【作者】 刘伟；

【导师】 刘浩学；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 我国山地、丘陵众多,近年来,山区高速公路里程不断增长,道路安全问题日益突出。山区高速公路穿越地区山高谷深,地质、地形条件复杂,受地形条件限制,桥梁、涵洞及隧道等结构物视线差、上下坡段多,较一般高速公路安全问题更为突出。特别是不良的气候条件,对驾驶人观察、判断、操作影响很大,事故率明显高于正常气候地区,给高速公路交通安全保障工作带来严峻考验。论文首先从气候条件、道路线形及运行速度这三方面分析了山区高速公路的运行条件,对不良气候条件引发的交通事故成因及特点作了重点分析,包括雨、雪、雾等气候条件对行车安全的影响机理。基于分析结论,对山区高速公路的易发事故路段采用了鉴别指数法和非定长线段法进行甄别,为判定山区高速公路危险路段提供依据。其次,研究了面向不良气候条件的动态监测预警方法。在利用专家打分法求得权重的基础上,建立了不良气候条件下山区高速公路预警模型;以实际高速公路为例,验证了预警模型的可信度,为我国今后不良气候下山区高速公路危险路段的预警提供理论支撑。针对雨、雪、雾不良气候条件下速度与交通安全关系,探讨了山区高速公路交通安全问题,推导出不良气候条件下的车速限制值计算公式,据此分别计算雾天、雨天及雪天对应不同能见度、附着系数及纵坡的最大安全车速,并据此给出了山区高速公路的建议限速值。从气象信息采集系统、道路信息采集系统、交通信息采集系统三个方面构建山区高速公路网监测系统,研究了气象环境监测设备的布设问题,对监测系统和监控系统进行整合研究。最后结合上述分析和研究,给出了风险等级划分与处置对策,从山区高速公路不良气候条件下行车交通控制与管理、交通事故预防对策、建立事故救援系统等因素出发,提出山区高速公路不良气候条件下行车安全保障评价体系,从而保障不良气候条件下山区高速公路的行车安全。综上,论文基于山区高速公路不良气候条件下车辆运行特征,研究了危险路段甄别方法、动态预警模型,在此基础上提出了车速限制方法、监测系统框架与行车安全保障评价体系。论文研究成果可为山区高速公路设计、运营管理、系统监测提供理论支撑,为构建行车安全保障体系奠定基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is a road traffic accidents-prone country, the environment and road safety issues brought by the construction and development of China’s freeway transportation and infrastructure has attracted people’s attention. Mountainous freeway always crossed the difficult area where are deep valleys and steep mountains,height differences and complicated geological conditions. Mountainous bad weather is common in Mountainous freeway which has an seriously influence on driver’s normal operation, so accident rates in the bad weather is significantly higher than it in normal weather conditions, all mentioned above show that complex and changeable climatic condition has brought challenges to traffic safety.Based on the conditions on the road linear, running speed change and climate conditions,the author analyzed the operating environment of the vehicles in mountain freeway, and emphatically analyzes the causes and characteristics of traffic accidents caused by the adverse weather. Moreover analyzing influence mechanism of driving safety situation in rain, snow and fog. According to the analysis of characteristics, the author adopted the identification of index and non-scheduled long-term segment method to identify easily-happening accidents road and provided the foundation for the identification of dangerous sections of mountainous highway.The author introduced monitoring system in the fog weather,basing on the specialist marking methods to calculate weight and pre-warning assessment model of snow and ice mountains dangerous sections. And the paper took actual freeway as instance to verify the model’s credibility. All provided evidence for early warning of mountain freeway dangerous sections.Aiming at the relationship between speed and traffic safety under adverse weather conditions of fog, rain and snow, the author discussed the mountain freeway traffic safety issues and deduced calculation formula of the speed limit basing on the safe distance under the adverse weather conditions. According to this the author computed separately corresponding to different visibility adhesion coefficient and longitudinal slope of the maximum safe speed in fog, rainy and snowy,which gave mountain freeway fog, rain and snow the recommended speed limit value. The essay built a mountain freeway network monitoring system from three aspects of meteorological information collection systems, road information collection systems and traffic information collection system. And studied location issue of meteorological environmental monitoring equipment, the author integrated the monitoring systems and controlling systems.Finally, combined with the above analysis and research,the author studied the traffic control and management,traffic accident prevention countermeasures and accident rescue system under adverse weather conditions,proposed the driving security technology mountain under the freeway adverse climatic conditions,in order to protect traffic safety in mountain freeway adverse weather conditions.更多还原