【作者】 王强；

【导师】 齐英杰；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 工程翻新轮胎在使用过程中经常出现胎面磨损加剧、崩花掉块、胎面脱层,甚至出现被压爆、刺爆的失效形式,目前研究主要通过改进胎面胶配方设计、改善翻新工艺等方法探索解决上述问题,对工程翻新轮胎综合力学性能研究相对较少,轮胎翻新时并未充分考虑轮胎的力学特性及使用工况,导致工程翻新轮胎质量参差不齐,使用寿命低下。为此,本文以26.5R25工程翻新轮胎为基本研究对象,以提高使用性能为目的,构建了工程翻新轮胎多元复合层型、力学模型及材料本构模型,进行了工程翻新轮胎的力学特性有限元数值模拟及试验研究,探讨了常见失效形式下的工程翻新轮胎性能补强及机理,并应用生命周期理论对性能补强下的工程翻新轮胎进行了能量恢复效果及环境影响评价分析。应用自然平衡轮廓理论,分析并设计了以旧胎体层、缓冲层、胎面层为基本组成的工程翻新轮胎结构及尺寸；通过理论分析及试验测试手段,构建了工程翻新轮胎多元复合层型及复合层结构下的力学模型、接触模型；从材料层次角度,构建了工程翻新轮胎各复合层本构模型,对各复合层的应力-应变关系矩阵进行了描述。依据所构建的理论模型,利用Pro/E WildFire及ANSYS Workbench软件构建了工程翻新轮胎多元复合层几何模型和有限元分析模型；以试验测试并结合Gough-Tangorra公式、Ekvall公式获取有限元分析所用材料参数为手段,分析了工程翻新轮胎自由充气、自由旋转及静态接地工况下的变形特性、静态接地特性,获得了工程翻新轮胎载荷-变形、接地压力、接地印痕形状及接地面积等规律。获得了工程翻新轮胎各复合层的应力-应变及剪切应力-应变规律,分析了各层相互作用的微观力学机制；分析了轮辋约束及地面接触约束两种工况下工程翻新轮胎的振动模态,获得了工程翻新轮胎前20阶固有频率和固有振型；分析了不同速度及胎压下,工程翻新轮胎各复合层及层间的稳态温度场分布规律,探讨了工程翻新轮胎的温升特性。建立了工程翻新轮胎变形特性、接地特性、稳态温度场及胎面橡胶物理机械性能参数等试验测试系统,获得了工程翻新轮胎变形特性、接地压力、接地印痕及稳态温度场等分布规律,并与仿真结果进行了对比分析,验证了仿真模型的有效性；获得了工程翻新轮胎及性能补强翻新轮胎橡胶材料物理机械性能参数,评价了工程翻新轮胎的使用性能。仿真及试验结果表明：工程翻新轮胎比相同工况下同型号新轮胎径向变形和侧向变形均要小,旧胎体的橡胶老化程度对工程翻新轮胎的变形特性会产生较大影响；工程翻新轮胎胎体层及带束层为主要承力层,二者的质量好坏对工程翻新轮胎的承载特性会产生直接影响；缓冲层与带束层之间存在较大的剪切力；旧胎体胎肩内侧及翻新轮胎胎肩部位热量集聚、温度较高。探讨了胎面橡胶基体配方补强剂、胎面加增强体及胎体加增强体三种性能补强方式,通过试验对比分析,评价了不同补强方式下的使用性能及补强效果,探讨了工程翻新轮胎性能补强机理。研究表明：炭黑N151质量份为40时；炭黑N330质量份为40、白炭黑质量份为20时；短切碳纤维长度为6mm、质量分数为7%左右时；短钢丝纤维在长度为5mm、质量分数为10%左右时；以上几种情况下,工程翻新轮胎胎面的耐磨性能及抗崩花掉块性能补强效果较为理想。同时,利用废旧子午线轮胎钢丝对旧胎体进行性能补强,工程翻新轮胎的承载、抗压及抗刺爆能力获得了有效提高。构建了基于生命周期分析的工程轮胎与工程翻新轮胎能量消耗模型及环境影响模型,对比分析了工程废旧轮胎再利用阶段中一次翻新、三种性能补强方式翻新、二次翻新、机械粉碎、低温粉碎、燃烧分解、燃烧发电等处理方式的能量消耗及对环境的影响,得到了再利用阶段几种处理方式能量恢复率及碳削减率,从生命周期角度验证了本文研究的三种性能补强翻新的可行性。研究表明：轮胎翻新的能量回收效果和碳削减效果最好,可以作为废旧工程轮胎再利用的未来发展方向；胎面增强体补强的能量回收效果最好,三种补强方式的碳削减效果相差不大。本文的研究成果可为工程翻新轮胎的性能研究提供重要的理论参考,为提高工程翻新轮胎使用寿命奠定理论基础,并对工程翻新轮胎的使用产生巨大的推动作用,具有重大的经济效益和社会效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Retreaded OTR tires often have exacerbated tread wear, chunking and chipping, tread delamination and even failure modes of compression-induced blowout or puncture-induced blowout during use. Current studies explore solutions to these problems mainly by adopting methods such as improving tread compound formulation and improving the retreadeding process, while there are relatively fewer studies on the comprehensive mechanical properties of retreaded OTR tires. At the time of tire retreadeding, the mechanics, temperature rise characteristics and use conditions of tires are not taken into full consideration, resulting in uneven quality and short service life of retreaded OTR tires. To this end, this paper targets at 26.5R25 steel radial retreaded OTR tires as the basic object of study, constructs a multiple-composite-layer type, mechanical model and material constitutive model of retreaded OTR tires for the purpose of improving performance, carries out finite element numerical simulation and experimental study of the mechanics and temperature rise characteristics of retreaded OTR tires, investigates the performance reinforcement and mechanism of retreaded OTR tires under common failure modes, and employs the life-cycle theory to evaluate and analyze the energy recovery effect and environmental impact of retreaded OTR tires after performance reinforcement.By using the theory of natural equilibrium profile, the paper has analyzed and designed the structural and dimensional requirements for retreaded OTR tires composed of old carcass ply, buffer layer and tread layer; by means of theoretical analysis and experimental testing, constructed the mechanical model and contact model of retreaded OTR tires under multiple-composite-layer type and composite layer structure; and from the perspective of material layers, constructed the constitutive model of each composite layer of retreaded OTR tires and described the stress-strain relationship matrix of each composite layer.On the basis of the theoretical model constructed, the paper has used Pro/E WildFire and ANSYS Workbench software to construct the multiple-composite-layer geometric model and finite element analysis model of retreaded OTR tires; and by means of pilot test and combining with Gough-Tangorra formula and Ekvall formula to obtain the material parameters for finite element analysis, analyzed the deformation characteristics and static grounding characteristics of retreaded OTR tires under free inflation, free rotation and static grounding conditions, and obtained the load-deformation, grounding pressure and contact friction, grounding contact pattern shape, grounding area and other rules of retreaded OTR tires.The paper has obtained the stress-strain and shear stress-shear strain rules of each composite layer of retreaded OTR tires, analyzed the micro-mechanical mechanism of interaction between layers; analyzed the vibration mode of retreaded OTR tires under two different conditions, namely rim constraints and ground contact constraints, and obtained the inherent frequency and vibration mode of the first 20 orders of retreaded OTR tires; and analyzed the distribution rules of steady-state temperature field of each composite layer and between layers of retreaded OTR tires at different speeds, under different tire pressures and at different ambient temperatures, and investigated the temperature rise characteristics of retreaded OTR tires.The paper has constructed a testing system for the deformation characteristics, grounding characteristics, steady-state temperature field and physical and mechanical parameters of tread rubber of retreaded OTR tires, obtained the deformation characteristics, grounding pressure, grounding contact pattern, steady-state temperature field and other distribution rules of retreaded OTR tires, and compared and analyzed them with the simulation results; and obtained the physical and mechanical performance parameters of tread rubber of retreaded OTR tires and performance-reinforced retreaded tires, and evaluated the use performance of retreaded OTR tires.The simulation and experimental results show that the radial deformation and lateral deformation of retreaded ORT tires are smaller than those new tires of the same model under the same working condition and the aging degree of old tires has greater influence on the deformation characteristics of retreaded ORT tires; the carcass ply and belt ply of the retreaded ORT tires are the main bearing layers, whose quality has direct influence on the bearing characteristics of the retreaded ORT tires; there is much greater shear force between the buffer layer and belt ply; and the heat accumulates inside the shoulder of old tires and at the shoulder of retreaded ORT tires, with much higher temperature.The paper has explored three performance reinforcement methods of tread rubber matrix formula reinforcing agents, tread reinforcement and carcass ply reinforcement, and by testing and comparative analysis, evaluated the use performance and reinforcing effect under different reinforcement methods; and combining with the compounding principle and rules, constructed the mechanics model of performance reinforcement, and investigated the mechanism of performance reinforcement of retreaded OTR tires. The research shows that the wear-resisting property of the retreaded ORT tires and the reinforcement effect of the anti-collapse performance are much more ideal when the mass fraction of the carbon black N151 is 40, the mass fraction of the carbon black N330 and white carbon black is 40 and 20 respectively, the fiber length and mass fraction of short cut carbon are 6mm and 7% respectively, and the fiber length and mass fraction of short wire are 5mm and 10%. Meanwhile, the waste radial tire wires are used to reinforce the performance of old tire body and the bearing performance, compression resistance performance and ability to prevent puncture-induced blowout get improved effectively.Based on the basic theory of life cycle, the paper has constructed the energy consumption model and environmental impact model of OTR tires and retreaded OTR tires, compared and analyzed the energy consumption and environmental impact of first retreadeding, retreadeding by the three performance reinforcement methods, second retreadeding, mechanical grinding, cryogenic grinding, burning and decomposition, burning for electricity generation and other treatment methods in the recycling phase of wasted OTR tires, calculated and obtained the energy recovery rate and carbon reduction rate of several treatment methods in the recycling phase, and verified the feasibility of the three performance reinforcement methods studied in this paper from the perspective of life cycle. The studies indicate that the retreaded ORT tires own the best energy recovery effect and carbon reduction effect, which can be used as the future development direction for reuse of waste OTR tires, the reinforced energy recovery effect of the tread reinforcement is the best and the carbon reduction effect of three reinforcement ways differ slightly.The study results of this paper can provide important theoretical reference for performance study of retreaded OTR tires, lay a theoretical foundation for improving the service life of retreaded OTR tires, and generate an enormous driving force for the use of retreaded OTR tires, boasting significant economic benefits arid social benefits.更多还原