【作者】 张欣；

【导师】 李秀敏；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 世界经济学， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 上个世纪九十年代以来,中国劳动要素报酬在收入中所占比重经历了从低到高,又从高到低的波动过程。由于资本与劳动要素两者在收入分配中存在此消彼长的“跷跷板”关系,因此可以判断中国当前仍然处于劳动要素与资本要素报酬差距扩大的阶段。如果劳动要素报酬所占比重过低,将会大大降低对商品和服务的消费需求,在长期层面上必将削弱经济增长的动力。因此,寻找中国要素收入分配的影响因素,分析其形成机理,并寻求解决之道,已经成为了增强中国经济增长动力的必然选择。事实上,随着对外开放广度和深度的不断扩展,中国对外贸易总量节节攀升,进出口贸易额已经由1978年的206亿美元增加到2013年的41,600亿美元,实现增长201倍;在世界货物贸易排名中也从32位上升到第1位,比重从不足1%上升到12%左右,成为了首个坐上世界货物贸易“头把交椅”的发展中国家。理论上,贸易自由化的确增加了各个国家的总收入,但经济实践中国际贸易对一国内部要素收入分配的影响如何却成为各方争论的焦点问题之一。本文以中国为研究对象,探讨中国对外贸易对要素收入分配的影响。文章从传统贸易理论中关于国际贸易影响要素收入分配的论述出发,寻求其作用形成机制。同时,通过对中国对外贸易规模、结构和要素收入分配的指标统计,描述、分析中国当前对外贸易与要素收入分配的特点。并以实证检验的方法,从不同商品的贸易、不同地区的贸易和不同收入水平国家的贸易三个角度判断对外贸易对要素收入分配的影响方向和幅度。在此基础上,利用可计算一般均衡分析方法,对中国对外贸易的不同作用机制对要素收入分配的影响进行实证检验,进而得出对策建议。具体内容如下:第一章为绪论,主要包括本文的研究背景、研究意义、文献综述、研究思路、框架安排及创新与不足等。第二章为相关的理论分析,主要内容是对贸易影响一国要素收入分配的相关理论进行梳理,并从理论中找到对外贸易影响一国国内要素收入分配的作用机制,具体为价格机制、关税机制和其他作用机制。第三章对中国对外贸易和要素收入分配的发展情况进行描述与分析。通过对中国外贸规模及贸易结构中不同商品、不同地区和不同收入水平国家的贸易进行统计分析,总结中国对外贸易的特点。并利用GDP收入法数据对中国劳动与资本要素收入及其占比进行测算,判断其长短期波动趋势。第四章为中国对外贸易影响要素分配的实证检验。本章主要是通过构建计量回归模型,从中国对外贸易结构中不同商品、不同地区和不同收入水平国家三个维度,分析其对要素收入分配的影响方向和幅度。第五章为中国对外贸易影响要素分配机制的实证检验。在上一章中国对外贸易对要素收入分配存在影响的结论基础上,构建可计算一般均衡分析模型,分别对中国外贸的价格机制、关税机制和其他作用机制对国内要素收入分配的冲击进行数值模拟,从而判断各类作用机制的影响力度和方向。最后为主要结论与政策建议。为使中国的劳动和资本要素收入占比保持在合理区间,实现经济可持续增长,本章在理论与发展现状分析的基础上,依据中国对外贸易中不同商品、不同地区和不同收入水平国家的贸易对要素收入分配影响方向与幅度的实证检验,以及不同作用机制的实证检验,得出相应结论,并提出了在特定外部经济形势发生变化情况下相关的政策搭配建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ratio of labor factor reward in national income of China has fluctuated from low to high and then from high to low since 1990 s. According to the trading off relationship between the ratio of labor factor reward and the ratio of capital factor reward in national income, we can make a conclusion that China is still in a period that the gap between labor and capital factor reward is getting wider and wider now. The consuming demand of commodities and services must decrease if the ratio of labor factor reward in national income is too low, and the power of economic growth will be weaken in the long term and the growth speed will slow down in the future. Therefore, in order to mutative the growth of Chinese economy, we should find the influencing factors on the factor income distribution, and further analyze its mechanism and explore the way to change that.In fact, as the width and depth of opening up extending, the gross foreign trade of China has increased rapidly. The value of import and export had increased from 20.6 billion dollar in 1978 to 4160 billion dollar, which had increased 201 times. The rank of trade in goods had risen from No.32 to No.1 and the ratio had increased from less than 1% to 12%, which made China become the biggest country in goods trading. This is the first time that developing country takes the first place in the world. The liberalization of trade do increase the gross income of every country in terms of theory, but the influence of international trade to inner factor income distribution has become one of the most important controversial problem.This paper takes China as her research object, discussing the influence of China’s foreign trade on factor income distribution deeply. The paper proceeds as follows. Firstly, the article discovers the mechanism of foreign trade affecting factor income distribution in theories. Secondly, the article describes and analyzes the characters of China’s foreign trade and factor income distribution by some statistic indicators. Thirdly, three econometric models are presented to judge foreign trade’s influence on the domestic income distribution, and if they do, pointing out its direction and amplitude. Fourthly, using the computable general equilibrium analysis, the article explores the real channel of China’s foreign trade affecting factors income distribution. Finally, some conclusions and policy proposals are provided. The main content of this dissertation includes the following parts.The first chapter is introduction. This chapter mainly includes the research background, research significance, literature review, research thinking and framework, the innovation and deficiency of the dissertation.The second chapter analyzes some economic theories. In this section, the author summarizes the foreign trade theories which have relationship with factor income distribution, and then discovers the working mechanisms, including the price mechanism, the tariff mechanism and other mechanisms.The third chapter is the description and analysis of China’s foreign trade development and the factor’s income distribution. It summarizes the characters of China’s foreign trade, through statistic indicators of trade scale and trade structures of the different commodities, different regions and countries with different income levels. At the same time, this section calculates China’s labor factor income, capital factor income, and judges their short and long term fluctuant trend.The fourth chapter is the empirical test the impact of China’s foreign trade on factor income distribution. This section mainly analyzes whether the different kinds of foreign trade have influence on the domestic income distribution by constructing econometric regression model. The foreign trade includes the trade of different commodities, different regions and countries with different income levels. And if they do, the paper further judges its working direction and amplitude.The fifth chapter is the empirical test on the working mechanism of China’s foreign trade to the factor income distribution. Based on the conclusion of last chapter, this section uses computable general equilibrium analysis to numerically simulate the price mechanism, the tariff mechanism and other mechanisms, and explores these mechanisms how to affect the domestic factor income distribution, then judges its direction and amplitude of all kinds of working mechanismThe last chapter is the main conclusions and policy proposals. In order to make the income gap of China’s labor and capital factors maintaining in a reasonable region and realize the sustainable economic growth, according to the above empirical test results, this section draws the related conclusion and puts forward some policy proposals when the specific external economic situation changes.更多还原