【作者】 高峰；

【导师】 俞树毅；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 区域经济学， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,我国社会经济发展取得了巨大成就,但是由于经济增长方式粗放,资源消耗比例过高,环境状况总体恶化的趋势尚未得到根本遏制。同时,我国各地区资源禀赋、产业结构各异,环境污染也呈现出不同的特点,在环境规制政策的制定和实施方面也存在显著的地区差异。当前,我国经济发展呈现增长速度换挡期、结构调整阵痛期、前期刺激政策消化期“三期叠加”的阶段性特征,正确处理环境保护与经济发展的关系,积极探索生态文明建设新路,制定确实有效的环境规制政策,需要解决以下问题：一是我国环境污染在空间上呈现什么样的分布特征和变化趋势,地区环境规制在空间上是否存在相关性,有何特点?二是环境污染具有外部性,各地区环境规制政策不仅影响本地区的环境质量,而且对周边地区环境质量产生影响,纳入空间因素后地区环境规制的效果如何?是否存在消减作用?三是地方政府基于地区竞争如何进行环境规制策略的选择,是否存在“环境竞次”现象,如何解决跨地区的环境污染问题?本文立足于当前我国省际环境污染和环境规制的空间差异,就环境规制对环境污染的影响进行了深入探讨,并对地方政府的环境规制决策进行了理论和实证研究。论文首先回顾了环境污染与环境规制的相关理论研究,分析了我国水、大气和固体废物污染的变化趋势以及地区演进,基于环境污染综合指数的测算探讨了省际环境污染的空间聚集以及动态变迁。其次,从我国环境规制政策的演进出发,测算省际环境规制强度指数,探讨省际间环境规制的空间关系。在此基础上,运用空间滞后模型和空间误差模型就环境规制对环境污染的影响进行了空间计量检验。最后,基于地方政府环境规制的决策博弈,运用空间Durbin模型对地方政府环境规制决策策略互动问题进行空间计量分析,探讨了我国省际环境规制决策的影响机制,并结合国外的实践和国内的探索,就如何构建区域环境规制的合作机制进行了讨论。论文的研究结论如下：一是我国环境污染状况存在空间集聚现象,而且近年来环境污染的空间依赖性进一步加强；二是我国省际环境规制强度在空间分布上也具有显著的正相关性,且空间自相关性逐年增强；三是我国省际环境规制强度的增加能显著降低环境污染排放水平,但省际之间环境污染的相互影响对我国环境规制整体效果产生消极作用；四是我国地方政府间存在着以环境规制为手段的竞争,而且主要采用相互攀比式的雷同化策略而非错位竞争的差别化策略。最后,论文据此提出了构建区域环境规制合作机制的相关建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the Reform and Opening-up, the social and economic development in China has made great achievement, but the trend of environmental deterioration has not been fundamentally curbed because that the mode of economic growth is extensive and the ratio of resource consumption is too high. Meanwhile, resource endowment, industrial structure and environmental pollution of regions in China are different, and the development and implementation of environmental regulation policies also has significant regional difference. Currently, the economic development in China shows the phase characteristics of "three superposition", which include the shift of economic growth, the adjustment of structure and the digestion of pre-stimulus policies. In order to correctly treat the relationship of environmental protection and economic development, actively explore the new road of ecological civilization construction and make effective environmental regulation policies, following questions need be discussed:First, how about the spatial distribution of environmental pollution in China and its changes in recent years? And what are the spatial characteristic and the changing trend of regional environmental regulation? Second, because environmental pollution has externality, regional environmental regulation policies not only affect environment in the region, but also have impact on environment of surrounding regions. How about the effect of regional environmental regulation when the spatial factors are considered? And whether the effect is reduced by spatial reason? Third, based on regional competition, how does the regional government choose its environmental regulation policies? Whether the phenomenon of "environmental race to the down" exists? How to resolve trans-regional environmental pollution?Based on the spatial difference of provincial environmental pollution and environmental regulation, the paper discusses environmental regulation’s impact on environmental pollution deeply, and researches local government’s decision-making of environmental regulation theoretically and empirically. The paper reviews the theoretical study of environmental pollution and environmental regulation, analyzes the changing trend and regional evolution of water, air and solid waste pollution, and discusses the spatial aggregation and dynamic change of provincial environmental pollution by calculating composite index of environmental pollution. Second, beginning with the development of environmental regulation policies, the intensity indexes of provincial environmental regulation are calculated and the spatial relationship of inter-provincial environmental regulation is discussed. And then, environmental regulation’s impact on environmental pollution is estimated by using Spatial Lag Model and Spatial Error Model. Finally, based on local government’s decision-making game of environmental regulation, the paper does spatial econometric analysis on the local government’s strategies about environmental regulation decision with Spatial Durbin Model, explores the effect mechanism of inter-provincial environmental regulation decision, and discusses how to establish the cooperation mechanism of cross-regional environmental regulation according to foreign practice and domestic exploration.The conclusions of this paper are as follows:First, environmental pollution in China has the phenomenon of spatial agglomeration, and its spatial dependence is reinforcing in recent years. Second, for the intensities of provincial environmental regulation in China, the spatial distribution has significant positive correlation and the spatial autocorrelation is increasing year by year. Third, the provincial environmental regulation in China can significantly reduce environmental emissions, but the inter-provincial influence of environmental pollution has negative impact on the nationwide effect. Fourth, there exists provincial competition among local governments in China by using environmental regulations. Furthermore, local governments mainly choose similar strategies from rivalry competition rather than different strategies from stagger competition. At last, the paper discusses related suggestion about building the cooperation mechanism of cross-regional environmental regulation.更多还原