【作者】 刁海亭；

【导师】 聂宜民；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 土地资源利用， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 近年来在我国,食品安全事件频繁曝光。食品安全既是人类发展繁衍的基本条件,也是国家和民族兴旺发达的重要支撑。随着各种安全问题的不断涌现,食品安全问题已刻不容缓。蔬菜作为中国出口创汇的重要作物和广大人民群众日常生活的必需品,其质量安全尤为重要。利用新技术建立蔬菜质量安全预警和追溯平台,实现蔬菜从农场到餐桌一条龙的监控是非常必要的。为应对蔬菜安全问题,各个国家都采取了一些积极有效的措施。国内外很多专家学者也进行了相关研究,开发了很多系统。但目前建成的系统缺少功能强大的新技术的支持和空间信息,在系统的性能和展示效果上有所欠缺。如何将当下的一些信息技术结合建立有效实用的蔬菜安全平台是本文研究的目标。本文以蔬菜为研究对象,以国家蔬菜生产基地——寿光为例,围绕蔬菜质量安全监管和溯源管理的信息化需求,综合采用了地理信息系统、云计算、物联网、Silverlight、网页技术等多种现代先进技术,研究蔬菜物流数据的采集和存储形式,探讨了蔬菜安全预警和追溯的平台建设,探索了蔬菜从开始种植到最后销售所有环节的信息的形象展示。平台不仅可为蔬菜安全管理信息化提供理论和技术参考,而且可为蔬菜安全监控提供数据和决策支持。研究结果如下:(1)构建了蔬菜安全预警和追溯平台所需的空间和属性数据库针对蔬菜安全的实际需要,收集与蔬菜安全有关的图件及属性资料,包括研究区行政区划图、市级公路图;土壤有机质分布图;蔬菜产地土壤养分、地表农残、空气污染物等食品危害物信息;蔬菜加工地、流通过程中的信息如温度、湿度、地理位置等。然后对采集的海量信息进行处理和挖掘,将各类图形和属性数据进行分类,利用SQL Server数据库软件,建立了属性数据库;利用Arc GIS软件,将各种相关图件进行扫描、数字化,建立了满足项目需求的图形数据库。(2)基于GIS空间分析构建了蔬菜安全预警和追溯的相关模型将Arc GIS Server的空间分析功能应用到蔬菜质量安全预警和追溯工作中,如利用缓冲区分析功能构建蔬菜安全预警、污染源对周围蔬菜影响的扩散分析模型;利用空间插值功能构建了蔬菜种植地块养分空间分布分析模型;利用路径分析功能构建了蔬菜运输路线的优化设计模型等。(3)研究了云计算技术在平台建设中的应用本平台在建设过程中结合云计算技术探讨了网络数据资源的共享和平台的分布式处理。在网络数据资源共享方面利用Arc GIS Online访问免费高质量的基础地图。通过Arc GIS Web Mapping API,结合C#开发语言,调用Arc GIS Online上的丰富地图作为地理底图,结合自己制作的二维矢量道路数据,迅速搭建地图应用,节约平台建设成本。在平台的分布式处理方面,利用Nginx探讨平台中图片数据分布式动态存储,提升用户访问网站的速度。平台设立单独的图片服务器来专门存放图片,可以根据需要动态调整图片服务器的数量及图片数据存储目录。利用云计算减少了溯源数据库本地服务器存储数据,提高了溯源速度,降低了平台维护成本,确保所建平台具有可扩展性和伸缩性。(4)构建了一套蔬菜质量安全预警和追溯平台本文综合采用多种现代先进技术,探讨了蔬菜安全预警和追溯的平台建设。整个系统框架采用数据访问层、业务逻辑层和表现层三层架构。根据调研,在权限设置上采用了一般用户、企业、政府管理部门三个级别。结合各种信息技术及寿光市蔬菜安全生产业务的需要,将平台划分为四大模块:数据查询、蔬菜质量安全预警、蔬菜质量安全追溯、辅助工具。该平台涵盖了蔬菜安全预警、蔬菜空间追溯、蔬菜信息查询、产地土壤养分插值、最佳路径分析、蔬菜空间立体信息展示、土壤养分含量各种图表展示等功能。本研究对条形码数据和过程信息进行存储和监测,实现了对蔬菜从农田到餐桌的全程信息管理,为跟踪追溯提供数据源,一定程度上对政府相关部门监管蔬菜安全起到了很好的辅助决策功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, a lot of food safety incidents have frequently been exposed in our country. Food safety is not only the basic condition of human development and reproduction, but also an important support of state and national prosperity. With the emergence of a series of problems, food safety problems are imperative. As China’s important export crops and the people’s necessities of daily life, the quality and safety of vegetables is particularly important. The establishment of vegetable safety early warning and traceability platform based on new technology, to realize the monitoring of vegetables from the farm to table is very necessary.Many countries have taken some effective measures in order to deal with the problem of vegetable safety. The experts and scholars from home and abroad have conducted the related research, and developed a number of systems. But these systems lack the support of powerful new technology and spatial information. The performance and the display effect of these systems are insufficient. How to combine some information technology to establish the effective and practical vegetable safety platform is the main aim of this thesis.Taking vegetable as the research object and Shouguang as the study area, this paper studied the collection and storage of the vegetable logistics data, discussed the platform construction of the vegetable safety early warning and traceability.Geographic information system(GIS), cloud computing, Internet of things, Silverlight, and Webpage technology was adopted in the paper. The vivid exhibition result of the vegetable information from production to sale was explored. The platform established not only provides reference in theory and technology for vegetable safe management informatization, but also provides data and decision support for vegetable safe monitor. The research results are as follows.( 1) The spatial and attribute database of vegetable safety early warning and traceability platform was constructedIn view of the actual need of vegetable safety, the maps and attribute data associated with the vegetable safety were collected, including the administrative map of the study area, the municipal road map; the distribution map of soil organic matter; soil nutrients, surface pesticide, air pollutants of vegetable origin and other food hazards information; the information of vegetable processing and circulation process such as temperature, humidity, geographic location. And then the massive information collected was processed and mined. The various types of graphics and attribute data were classified. Using SQL Server database software, the property database was established. Using Arc GIS software, the various relevant maps were scanned and digitized. The graphic database was established to meet project requirements.(2)The models of vegetable safety early warning and traceability were constructed based on GIS spatial analysis functionsThe spatial analysis function of ArcGIS Server was applied to the vegetable safety early warning and traceability management. The model of vegetable safety early warning and diffusion analysis of pollution sources around the vegetables was built using the buffer analysis function. The model of spatial distribution analysis on the vegetable plots nutrients was built using the spatial interpolation function. The model of optimal design of the vegetables transportation routes was built using the path analysis.(3)The application of cloud computing technology in the platform construction was studiedCombined with cloud computing technology, the share of network resources and distributed processing of platform were discussed in this paper. In network data resource sharing, ArcGIS Online was used to access to the free high quality basic map. Using the ArcGIS Web Mapping API and C# development language, the map from the ArcGIS Online was called as geographic base map. Based on two-dimensional vector road data, the map application was quickly built. All these saved the cost of the platform construction.In the distributed processing of the platform, the paper explored the distributed dynamic storage of the picture data, using Nginx to enhance the user access speed. The separate image server was set up to contain pictures. The number of the images server and storage directory of the image data could be adjusted dynamically according to the need. The use of cloud computing technology reduced the data quantity of the local database, and improved the speed of traceability. This reduced the maintenance cost of the platform and ensured the scalability and flexibility of the platform.(4)A set of vegetable safety early warning and traceability platform was builtThis paper discussed the platform construction of the vegetable safety early warning and traceability, with a variety of modern advanced technology. The whole system is divided into three layer architecture: the data access layer, the business logic layer and the presentation layer. According to the survey, permissions are set for three levels——the general users, enterprises, government departments. With consideration of the business needs of the vegetable safety production of Shouguang City, the whole platform was divided into four modules: data query, vegetable quality safety early warning, vegetable quality safety traceability, and auxiliary tool. The platform included vegetable safety early warning, vegetables space traceability, vegetable information query, spatial trace interpolation of soil nutrients, the best path analysis, spatial information display, vegetable soil nutrient content chart display and other functions. In this study, the barcode data and the process information were stored and monitored. In this paper, the full of information management of vegetables from farm to table was realized, which provided data source for tracking and tracing. To some extent, the platform was conducive to the government supervision vegetable safety.更多还原