【作者】 乔卉；

【导师】 龚庆武；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 电力系统及其自动化， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 培训是提高电力系统运行操作人员素质及保证电力系统安全、稳定运行的重要手段之一。电力系统的特殊性决定了很难利用实际运行的系统对操作人员进行培训,因此研发与实际电力系统运行状况相似的仿真培训系统来实施员工培训具有重要的现实意义。而且随着计算机虚拟现实技术的发展和计算机硬件数据处理能力的快速提升,开发具有人机三维交互特点的虚拟仿真培训系统已成为电力培训仿真领域的关注热点和发展趋势。虚拟仿真作为一种新的仿真实现形式引入电力培训仿真使电力培训仿真在建模方法、可信度评估等理论领域以及仿真开发工具和仿真应用开发技术等应用领域都产生了新的研究问题。因此,本文以“面向电力培训的虚拟仿真理论及应用”为题对相关问题进行系统深入的研究。本文研究的主要内容和创新点总结如下：1.研究了电力虚拟仿真操作过程模型的柔性构建方法,提出了一种基于混合异构层次化建模方法的电力虚拟操作过程多层组合模型针对实际电力作业过程中作业活动和操作行为的分层组合特点,基于操作者的认知过程和操作执行过程的抽象描述,提出了电力虚拟仿真操作过程模型的三层描述框架,即将电力虚拟操作过程模型分为任务层、作业层和设备层模型。同时根据各层模型所描述操作对象及其相互作用关系的不同,对各层模型的具体建模方法进行研究,最终提出了一种混杂了操作逻辑函数、EN网和有限状态机等不同行为描述方法、适用于电力虚拟仿真操作过程模型柔性构建的层次化建模方法。该方法使电力虚拟仿真操作过程控制响应逻辑的抽象和构建具有层次性和可分解性。根据仿真应用的变化,通过不同层次模型的组合可以快速构建操作过程模型,增强了各层模型的重用性和仿真应用的灵活适应性。2.提出了基于可拓层次分析和正态云物元模型的电力虚拟仿真培训系统仿真可信度评估方法该方法采用可拓层次分析法对评估指标权重赋值,解决了判断矩阵构造时专家判断模糊性的表示问题,有效减小了专家主观性对权重的影响作用。同时该方法融合了权重向量及其一致性的求解和检验过程,使评估计算过程简化；正态云物元模型的引入很好地解决了电力虚拟仿真培训系统仿真可信度评估指标定性概念难以量化的问题,正态云模型具有的概率分布统计特性使评估过程弱化了评测值主观性的影响,从而整体评价结果更具客观性。PDGPOSTS的仿真可信度的评估证明该方法的可行性。3.提出了基于体验性游戏模型的电力虚拟仿真培训过程模型该模型根据体验性学习过程特点,考虑学员的自主认知规律,将培训过程划分为任务界定和选择、学习计划设定、仿真操作体验和学习结果评价四个环节。结合学习结果评价环节对学员的操作技能认知水平的评价,该模型可以引导学员有效地进行培训学习。而且模型对培训过程的划分考虑了学员认知规律以及虚拟仿真的培训形式特点,还可指导应用系统开发者根据此模型协调仿真功能和培训功能的设计和组织,使仿真培训系统的培训效果更佳。根据模型构建需要,还提出了基于灰色白化权函数聚类的学员操作技能认知水平的评价方法。4.研究并实现了面向电力培训的三维交互仿真开发平台PowerX基于XNA Framework,对电力虚拟仿真培训系统在视景仿真、三维交互、操作逻辑控制及电气仿真计算接口等方面的通用功能进行抽象化和模块化,并将所研究的虚拟操作过程的柔性建模方法引入PowerX的操作逻辑控制功能实现中,使PowerX具有了大规模场景实时渲染、灵活人机交互及复杂操作过程逻辑控制等符合电力虚拟仿真培训系统功能开发需求的核心功能,从而可以有效简化应用系统的开发难度和工作量。配电运行仿真培训系统等案例的成功开发证明PowerX对加快系统开发进度,优化系统体系结构,提高电力培训仿真系统的稳定性和扩展性具有重要的作用。5.研究和开发了针对配电运行人员操作技能培训的配电网生产运行仿真培训系统,这一系统的实现属于国内首创。PDGPOSTS是国内首个针对配电网运行人员,集配电运行、检修和试验操作技能培训为一体的全三维综合仿真培训系统。更多还原

【Abstract】 The training is one of the important means to improve the quality of power system operators and ensure the safe and ensure of power system. Due to the special nature of the power system, it is difficult to do personnel training in the actual operation of the system. Therefore It has important practical significance to develop simulation training systems that are similar to the actual power system operating conditions to implement the power system staff trainings. Moreover, with the development of computer virtual reality technology and the rapid promotion of computer hardware data processing capabilities, developing the VR simulation training systems having the characteristics of human-computer three-dimensional interaction has become concerned hot spots and trends in the field of power training simulation. VR Simulation as a new simulation form introduced to power system training simulation generates new research questions of modeling methods, credibility assessment, etc. in the theory field and of simulation development tools and simulation application development technology in the application field. Therefore, this thesis does the systematic and in-depth study of relevant issues with the study topic of Power Training-oriented Virtual Simulation Theory and Application.The main content and innovation of this study are summarized as follows:1. Studying the flexible construction method of the power virtual simulation operation model, and a multi-layer combination model of virtual operation process is put forward.Aiming to the characteristics of layered combination of the actual power operating process operating activities and operating behavior, the three-layer description framework including of the task layer, operation layer and device layer model of virtual simulation operation model is put forward basing on abstract description of the operator cognitive processes and operation execution. And according to the difference of operating objects described and their interaction relationship of each layer model, the specific modeling method of each layers is studied. Eventually a hierarchical modeling methods suitable for flexible construction of virtual simulation operation process model and mixed the behavior and process described method of operating logic function, EN network and Finite Automata Machine. This method makes the abstract and construction of the control and response logic of the power virtual simulation operation process have the feature of hierarchy and decomposability. According to the changing of simulation application, the operation process model can be rapidly constructed through the combination of the different levels of model and the their flexible suitability and reusability are enhanced.2. The evaluation method of power virtual simulation training system simulation credibility based on the extension AHP and Normal Cloud Matter Element is put forward.The method uses the extension AHP to calculate the weight of evaluation index, solves the a fuzzy representation of expert judgment during constructing the judgment matrix, and effectively reduces the effect of expert subjectivity on weight. It combines the solving of weight vector and its consistency testing process to make the evaluation calculation process simplified. The introduction of the Normal Cloud Matter Element solves the problem that qualitative concept of power virtual simulation training system simulation credibility evaluation index is difficult to be quantified, The statistical properties of probability distribution of the Normal Cloud model weakens the impact of subjectivity of evaluated value in the assessment process, so that makes the overall results of the evaluation more objective. The assessment to the simulation credibility of PDGPOSTS proves the feasibility of the method put forward.3. the power virtual simulation training process model is put forward based on the experiential gaming modelThe model is based on experiential learning process characteristics, considers the student’s own cognitive rules and divides the training process into four links of task definition and selection, task study planning, simulation operation experience and learning results evaluation. Combined with the assessment of students learning cognitive level of operating skills, The training process model can guide the students to learn effectively. And the division of training process in the model considers students cognitive law and the virtual simulation training form characteristics and the model can be used to guide application developers to coordinate the design and organization of simulation and training functions of system to make training effect of simulation training system better. According to the requirement of the training model construction, the cognitive level of students operating skills evaluation method based on Grey definite weighted functions Clustering is put forward.4. The3D interactive simulation development platform for the power training named PowerX is studied and developed.Basing on the XNA Framework, the general functions of power virtual simulation training system including visual simulation,3D interaction, operation logic control and electrical simulation interface and etc. are be abstracted and modulated and the flexible modeling of virtual operation process is lead into PowerX. So the PowerX has the core functions of a large scale scene rendering, flexible man-machine interaction and complicated logical control of operating process that demanded by the function development of power virtual simulation training system. Therefore, PowerX can effectively simplify development difficulty and workload of the application system. Distribution operation simulation training system as a development example proves PowerX plays an important role to accelerate the progress of system development, optimize the system architecture, and improve the stability and scalability of power training simulator.5. Power Distribution Grid Production and Operation Simulation Training System (PDGPOSTS) aiming at the operation skills training of power distribution operators is developed. The realization of this system is domestic initiative.PDGPOSTS is the first full three-dimensional comprehensive simulation training system for the distribution network operators, concentrating the distribution operation, maintenance and test operation skills training.更多还原