【作者】 马晓利；

【导师】 熊晓正；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 休闲具有多元化的潜在价值,如恢复体力、发展个性、提高审美能力、陶冶情操等,这些潜在价值只有与主体正确的选择和积极的活动相结合,才能转化成现实的价值。本文运用文献资料、访谈等方法,通过研究爱尔兰中等收入核心家庭的小学生、中学生、十八岁以上孩子、家庭中母亲、父亲以及全家人的休闲活动,并分别从经济、意识形态、性别、职业、家庭、社会地位等角度分析,得出结论：爱尔兰小学生休闲活动丰富多彩,主要有运动休闲、艺术类休闲、和小朋友玩以及看电视打游戏等。运动休闲占据小学生最多的闲暇时间,调查的小学生每一位都有运动休闲,小学男生每周参加体育运动平均是4次,女生是3.62次。男生参与艺术类休闲活动有35%,女生达到90%。小学生每个人的休闲活动都有和小朋友玩以及看电视。中学生的闲暇时间较小学生少,休闲活动主要以运动休闲为主,调查的中学生运动参与率达到100%。他们每周平均运动的频率可达到6次。中学阶段已经养成了体育运动的习惯。18岁以上孩子主要的休闲活动是运动休闲和酒吧休闲。母亲中有34.8%的妇女是家庭主妇,26.1%从事部分时间的工作,39.1%的母亲有全职工作。家庭主妇运动休闲的参与率比部分时间工作和全职工作的母亲要高。并且形成她们特有的休闲方式：白天孩子上学后一周2-3次和朋友喝咖啡聊天。母亲们的休闲意识较强,在照顾好孩子、家庭的前提下,为自己留下私有的时间从事自己喜欢的休闲活动。她们的休闲活动主要是运动休闲和朋友聚会,有80%的母亲参加有规律的体育运动。有的母亲甚至坚持运动几十年。父亲们的闲暇时间较母亲要少,但是仍有68.2%的父亲参加有规律的体育运动。除了运动休闲外,父亲最喜欢的休闲活动是观看各种球类比赛。周末和长假期是全家一起休闲的时间。周末全家一起做礼拜、拜访父母或朋友、一起运动、外出吃饭、看电影、看电视,开车去郊外海边放松等。长假期全家主要休闲活动是旅游度假。通过全家的旅游和各种休闲活动以达到放松身心,加强家人感情的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although recreation provides a wide range of potential values, such as rehabilitation of physical strength, development of personality, enhancement of aesthetic ability, and character cultivation etc., the potential values can only be transformed into real values when it is consistent with the right choice and active action of person. Based on literature study and interviews etc., the paper has come to conclusions as follows by studying recreation of pupils, middle-school students, teenagers over the age of 18, mothers, fathers and the whole families from core Irish middle-income families, which have been analyzed respectively from the field of economic, ideological, gender, occupation, family, social status and so on.Irish pupils have rich recreational activities since they have plenty of spare time. Their recreational activities are sports, arts, funs with other kids and TV/games, where sports occupy most spare time of pupils. Every pupil involved in the interview does sports. Boys do 4 times of sport every week (above average), while girls do 3.62 times of sport every week (above average).Art is another favorite recreation for pupils. The data show that 30% boys will attend art activity but 96% of girls love to. Pupils will play with their friends.Spare time for middle-school students is less than that of pupil, but they also focus more on sports. The data show that 100% of students involved in the interview do sports. They do sports 6 times every week (above average). Students have taken sports as habit in middle school. Sports have become indispensable to their daily life.Findings for recreation of teenagers over the age of 18 from Irish middle-income families are as follows:They mainly focus on sports and pubs.60% of mothers are part-time workers or full-time housewives. Only 30% mothers get full-time job. Housewives spend more time on sports than part-time or full-time workers. Housewives have formed the unique recreation mode, i.e. spend time with friends on chatting or drinking coffee 2-3 times a week after taking children to school. It is found in the study that mothers are more concerned about their recreation, because they will spend time on things they like after taking good care of kids and the family. They mainly spend spare time on sports and friends’ gathering.80% mothers do sports regularly. Some mothers even have done sports for decades of years.Fathers have less spare time than mothers However, there are still 68.2% fathers do sports regularly. Fathers love to watch various ball games most.It is found in the study that Irish middle-income families spend weekend and vacation together for leisure. For example, the whole family will spend weekend together for worship, visiting parents, relatives or friends. The whole family will hang out for sports, dinner, movie or driving to the outskirt or seashore. Or they will watch TV at home. As for long vacation, the whole family will go traveling. They travel together and do all kinds of leisurable activities together to relax themselves and bring family relation closer.更多还原