【作者】 李强；

【导师】 金季春；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 走、跑和跳是人类最基本的运动方式。人们每天都要步行,如果情况紧急,人们还会跑向目的地。若要遇到障碍,人们还需要跳跃。因此研究走、跑和跳的足部运动特征,将提高人们对其生物力学机制的理解,这对增进人们健康和预防运动损伤等有十分重要的意义。另外,运动鞋作为运动休闲用品,因其轻便、舒适、大方而备受现代人的青睐,现代人穿着运动鞋的时间越来越多,运动鞋有着广阔的市场前景,研制高效能运动鞋有潜在的巨大经济效益,本研究的第二个目的就是为提高运动鞋的能量回输能力提供理论和数据支持。本文以101位青年人为研究对象,其中男54人,女47人。实验仪器是视讯录像解析系统和RSscan足底压力测试系统。受试者先裸足以自己选择的正常走速、慢速、中速和快速踏过RSscan压力平板,以自己选择的合适速度从RSscan压力板上跳高和跳远。然后再穿鞋以自己感觉的正常走速、慢速、中速和快速踏过RSscan压力板,以自己感觉的合适速度从RSscan压力板上跳高和跳远。在用RSscan压力平板测量受试者足底压力的同时,摄像机定点拍摄受试者通过压力板的运动,拍摄范围7米,拍摄距离8米,拍摄高度约与人体重心等高,拍摄的主光轴与运动画面垂直,拍摄频率50赫兹。运动学方面本文主要研究了不同性别受试者走跑跳时的速度、着地角、离地角。足底压力方面本文主要研究了走、跑和跳步态的4个时相,即最初接触时相(ICP)、前足触地时相(FFCP)、足放平时相(FFP)和前足蹬离时相(FFPOP),以及这4个时相占总时间的百分比。本文还研究了足的三个部分相对接触面积和所受相对冲量。本次研究有以下结论：(1)获得了我国青年人的裸足走、跑和跳的提踵频率数据,经完善和补充后可作为解决能量回输问题时选择鞋后跟材料的依据。(2)获得了我国青年人裸足时走、跑和跳的前足的蹬地频率,为选择前足鞋底材料提供了基础数据。(3)随着运动速度的增大,中足面积变大,足的纵弓下降,会对足底血管和神经有影响。(4)中国人与美国人的动作频率有所不同,其中中国人的提踵频率较慢。(5)前足的相对负荷随速度的增大而增大,中足不变,后足的相对负荷随速度的增大而减小。更多还原

【Abstract】 Walking, running and jumping are the most basic human movement patterns. People walk every day, and if situated in an emergency, people run to the destination; when faced with obstacles, they also need to jump. Therefore, looking into the gait characteristics of walking, running and jumping will enhance people’s understanding of its biomechanical mechanism, and it is of great significance in improving people’s health and preventing sports injury. Besides, as for sports shoes as sporting and leisure stuffs, they gain modern people’s favor for their being light, comfortable and good-looking. Modern people wear sports shoes more and more often, so that sports shoes have broad market outlook, and those of high-performance sports shoes have potential and huge economic profits. Another purpose of this study is to provide theory and data supports for enhancing sports shoes’ability of energy back-transmiting.This article studied 101 youth, including 54 males and 47 females. The research instruments are the visual video analysis system and the plantar RSscan pressure test systems. Researched people firstly walk at their normal speed, slow, middle, and fast speed with bare feet across the plantar RSscan pressure test systems, and do high-jump and long-jump from the plantar RSscan pressure test systems with a speed of their own choice. Then with shoes on they walk at their normal speed, slow, middle, and fast speed across the plantar RSscan pressure test systems, and do high-jump and long-jump from the plantar RSscan pressure test systems with a speed of their own choice. At the same time of utilizing the plantar RSscan pressure test systems, the cameras videoed researched people’s movement on the pressure board. The filming range is 7 metres, and the filming distance is 8 metres. Filming hight equals researched people’s body center of gravity, and the main filming axis is vertical with the motion scene, the filming frequence being 50 hertz.In the aspect of kinematics, this article mainly studied the speed, landing angle and jumping-up angle of the researched people of different gender when they walk, run and jump. And in the aspect of plantar pressure, this article mainly studied walking, running and jumping gait in 4 phases, which are, namely, Initial Contact Phase(ICP), Forefoot Contact Phase (FFCP), Foot Flat Phase (FFP) and Forefoot Push Off Phase (FFPOP), as well as four-phase percentage of the total time. This article also studied what are the three parts of the foot relative contact, and relative impulse it receives, as well as cushioning properties of different brands of sports shoes.This study contains the following conclusion:(1) Gaining data for the frequency of bare-foot walking、running and jumping of youth in our country. After complementing the data, it can be used as the basis for choosing heel materials when solving the problem of energy back-transmission.(2) Ganing the frequency of Forefoot Push Off Phase of the youth in our country, providing basic data for choosing shoes material for the forefoot.(3) With the motion speed increases, the foot area gets larger, affecting plantar blood vessels and nerves.(4) Movement frequency of the Chinese and the Americans differs, for which the Chinese raise feet more slowly.(5) Relative load of forefoot increases as the speed increases, of the middle foot it doesn’t change, and of the heel the relative load decreases as the speed increases.更多还原