【作者】 徐婷；

【导师】 李书源；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 十九世纪末，铁路出现在中国东北地区。作为机械、钢铁、土木等近代工程的结晶，其在建设伊始，就引起了东北社会经济发生了巨大的变化。近代东北铁路的运营，导致了沿线地区产业结构、城市空间等方面发生了剧烈的变动。本文将以近代东北的铁路为研究对象，考察其与东北区域经济变迁的关系。研究时间上限起自1898年，即东北修建铁路之初。下限截止到1931年，即九一八事变前。本文共分为九个部分绪论:学术史的回顾第一章：概述铁路开通前晚清东北交通体系，特别是东北港口开埠以来，海运、河运和陆运三种主要交通方式在交通运输体系和经济开发中的地位。揭示铁路的修建是在国内外各种因素共同作用下的结果。介绍东北各条铁路的修建过程和已成铁路概况。第二章：介绍铁路建成以后，各路的营业概况以及东北铁路网的形成。考察近代东北铁路对海运、河运、陆运等交通方式的的冲击，以及他们相互竞争又合作的关系，通过各种交通方式的衔接与合作使东北的交通体系重新组合。第三章：研究铁路与东北工矿业兴起的关系。这部分在前章东北运输体系深刻改变的基础上，阐述为维护铁路系统的营运，铁路附属企业在铁路沿线地区出现，真正意义的近代工业由此开始；同时铁路运输大大便利了原料和燃料运输和推销，并直接导致工矿业的兴起。东北的煤、铁等矿得到大量开发，出现了几个主要的采用近代工业技术的煤铁矿区。除此之外，铁路沿线各种其他工业特别是农产品加工业逐渐兴起，油坊、制粉等传统手工业出现了新的变化，开始使用新技术新机器，并取得长足发展。第四章探讨铁路与近代东北农业开发的关系。本章从东北农业的开发和发展情况阐述铁路与东北农业变迁的关系。东北的土地开发是和移民同步的，因此本章首先研究在铁路修建背景下，东北大量移民涌入以及这些移民对东北土地的开发情况。在此基础上，东北地方政府以及铁路公司对铁路技术和农业机械进行了大力的推广，使铁路沿线地区农产品产量得到大幅度提高，以大豆、玉米、高粱、小麦为代表的东北农作物在铁路运输的带动下，商品化率迅速提高，农业种植的专业化、区域化趋势进一步加强。第五章：探讨铁路与东北沿线地区商业和市场变迁的关系。东北相对发达的铁路网加强了内陆、沿海和海外市场的联系，铁路使大批量长距离商品物资运输成为可能，它改变了传统的商业路径，使东北商品流通网络重新建构。铁路沿线地区的商业较其他地区都更为繁荣。铁路在转运粮豆、煤炭、铁矿、面粉、畜产品等商品过程中发挥了主要作用，使上述这些商品流向中心节点城市。随着殖民地化的加深和铁路运输的飞速发展，国内外市场对粮豆等农产品需求量增大，以粮豆为主的各级市场逐渐形成兴起，在铁路沿线地区形成了基层市场、中级市场和高级市场（出口市场），传统东北自给自足的市场模式开始瓦解。第六章：研究铁路与东北地区的城镇变动情况。铁路运输的兴起，使近代东北城市发生了兴衰变化。一方面是城市的空间分布发生变化。东北地区虽开发较晚，但因铁路而兴起的城镇较多，大大超过铁路修建前的发展速度。在新的城市兴起之时，原有的一些地区和城市发生了因区位优势地位的得失，发生了盛衰消长的变化，有些地区丧失了原有的经济地位走向衰落，一些传统交通节点地区因为邻近铁路获得了新的发展契机。特别是铁路附属地城市在铁路自身和列强政策的因素引导下，成长十分迅速。另一方面，近代东北新兴城市一般围绕火车站展开，传统城市也在铁路及车站的影响下，内部空间形态发生改变。第七章：揭示铁路与近代东北区域经济差异和启示。在各种因素的共同作用下，近代东北经济在加速发展的同时，地区内部也产生了明显的差异。这些差异在不同的地区拥有不同的特点，而铁路因素对地区差异产生了重要影响。结语：对上文论述做以总结得出铁路对东北区域经济发展的影响和启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Railway, as the crystallization of modern machinery, steel and civil engineering,wasintroduced toNortheast Chinaat the end of the19th century.Its development led to thegreat changesin the social economy such as industrial structure and urban spaceat theareas along the railway lines in Northest China, This dissertationis devoted to disscussthe relationship betweenthe development of railway and the changes in regioneconomy of Modern Northeast China, from1898to1931.before the9.18incident.Investigated its relationship with the northeast regional economic changes.This article is divided into9partsIntroduction: The review on the history of learing.Chapter1: Overview the transportation system of northeast China in late qingdynasty before railway construction, especially since the opening of its port innortheastern, the status of the three main modes of transport: by sea, rivers and landtransportation in economic development and transportation system.Reveal thebuilding of the railway is the result of the action of home and abroadfactors.Introducethe general situation of the construction process of various railway..Chapter2: Introduce each business situation and the formation of the northeastrailway network after the railway has completed. A research on the modern northeastrailway transportation by sea, river transport, road transport, etc of the means oftransportation, and study their mutual relationship of competition andcooperation.Traffic system of the northeast was combined once again by cooperation.Chapter3: To study relationship between railway and the development ofindustrial and mining. on the basis of the profound changes in the previous chapter, explained for the maintenance of railway system, the operation of railway subsidiarycompanies in the region along the railway, the modern industry began; At the sametime, railway transportation has greatly facilitate the raw material and fueltransportation, and directly led to the rise of industrial and mining. Coal, iron ore etcof Northeast developed a lot. a few main used the modern industrial technology Inaddition, various other industries, especially farm produce processing industrygradually arisen along the railway, oil mill, milling and other traditional handicraftindustry has a new change, began to use new technology and new machines, andobtain long-term development.Chapter4:To investigate the relationship between the railway and modernnortheast agricultural development. The northeast’s land development andimmigration are synchronous, so this chapter research under the background ofrailway construction, the influx of immigrants in northeast China and developmentsituation of the immigrants to the northeast land. On this basis, the local governmentand railway company promoted technology and vigorously agricultural machinery,agricultural output increased significantly, along the railway area,The northeast ofcrops represented by soybean, corn, sorghum, wheat,their commercialization raterapidly increased, the trend of specialization, regionalization was further improved.Chapter5: to investigate the railway and the relationship between business andmarket changes in Northeast of China. Northeast of the network strengthened therelationship of the inland, coastal and offshore market, railway changed the traditionalbusiness path, making commodity circulation network in northeast China toreconstruct. The region along the railway business is more prosperous than other areas.Railwaymake these goods flow to the central city. Along with the deepening ofcolonization and the rapid development of railway transportation, market demand forbean and other agricultural products at home and abroad increased,Iin the regionalong the railway,it has formed the market at the grass-roots level, intermediate andadvanced market (export markets), the traditional self-sufficient in northeast marketmodel began to collapse. Chapter6: to study the railway and the changes in the city in northeast. Astherise of railway transportation, the changes have taken place in the northeastern city.On the one hand, because of the gain and loss in locationadvantage, the new cityrised.some traditional traffic node area nearby railway get a new developmentopportunity. Especially the railway subsidiary city under the factors of railway itselfand powers of imperialism, grow very quickly. On the other hand, the new city andthe traditional city layouted around the train station, under the influence of the railwayand the station, The internal space form changed.Chapter7: to review the relationship between the railway and the regionaleconomic differences. Under the function of various factors, with the economicdevelopment in northeast of modern China, the region has had obvious differences.These differences in different areas have different characteristics, and the railwayfactors has important influence on generation of the regional differences.Conclusion: Made a conclusion to the impact of railway on the economic ofNortheast of modern China.更多还原