【作者】 马涛；

【导师】 郭沛；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 金融学， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 新时期,促使小额信贷机构更好服务于我国农村金融市场具有重要意义,本文在对我国小额信贷机构进行类别划分的基础上,从信贷员角度对这一问题进行了系统研究。本文的研究目标是在绩效管理和对我国小额信贷机构类别界定基础上,分析信贷员绩效的影响因素。研究通过对我国公益性、传统商业性和新型商业性小额信贷机构的信贷员绩效影响因素进行分析,分别指出了其信贷员绩效影响因素的作用方式。在研究方法上,本文从信贷员特征变量和机构管理制度两个层面展开,鉴于不同机构在各方面具有显著差异性,本研究针对不同机构采用了不同分析方法。对于公益性小额信贷机构,主要采用计量经济学分析方法；对于传统商业性小额信贷机构,主要采用以统计检验为基础的描述性分析方法；对于新型商业性小额信贷机构,主要采用基于代数模型的理论分析方法。本文的主要结论有：从信贷员特征变量来看,对于公益性小额信贷机构,具有农民背景或政府工作背景、男性、年龄较高的信贷员实现了较高的社会绩效,在财务绩效方面工作经验较长,非农民背景、女性和年龄较小的信贷员有着更好表现；对于传统商业性小额信贷机构,年龄较小、受教育水平较高、非农民背景的信贷员财务绩效更高同时其社会绩效相对较低；对于新型商业性小额信贷机构,由于信贷员在实际业务中并不具有关键决策力,因此信贷员特征变量不具有实际解释力。从机构管理制度层面看：对于公益性小额信贷机构,明确公益目标、使用特殊金融工具、重视培训、保持公益经营主体、完善信贷员管理、开展辅助性活动对于实现信贷员社会绩效有重要作用；提高机构正规性和独立性、提高信贷员市场化和专业化程度、实行连锁经营、重视对外合作、建立信息化层次化和流程化管理、加强信贷员待遇保障对于信贷员财务绩效有重要作用。对于传统商业性小额信贷机构,可以从绩效考核权重、公平性、激励强度和惩罚强度四个维度考察提升机构对信贷员的绩效影响,研究据此就样本机构关于信贷员绩效的激励制度存在的普遍问题进行了解释。对于新型小额信贷机构,研究发现信贷员财务绩效较高但社会绩效极低。原因一方面在于机构股权结构的逐利性与低端客户的低盈利性之间存在矛盾,另一方面金融创新不足和激励制度缺失也导致其缺乏服务低端客户的能力,研究通过建构模型从激励相容角度提出了解决对策。本文的主要贡献有：第一,在重新划分我国小额信贷机构主要类型基础上,系统总结了其经营目标和经营方式特征,并对其信贷员绩效管理进行了综合论述；第二,重点分析了我国公益性、传统商业性和新型商业性小额信贷机构信贷员绩效的主要影响因素,依托相关结论对提高不同机构的信贷员绩效提出了建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the new era, how to further improve the performance of microfinance institutions to better serve China’s rural financial market is a prominent problem. Different from the previous studies, this paper focuses on China’s microfinance institutions of all categories from the perspective of loan officers’ performance.The purpose of this paper is to analysis the influential factors of the loan officer’s performance based on the classification of the MFIs in China. The research firstly classified the MFIs into non-profit, traditional commercial and new commercial MFIs and then fugured out the mechanism of how these factors work. The research sees the problem from the perspective of both individual characteristic variables and institutional factors and uses different methods according to different kind of MFIs with different features. The research uses economrtrics for the analysis of the non-profit MFIs, uses descriptive methord for the analysis of the traditional commercial MFIs and uses algebraic model for the analysis of the new commercial MFIs.The main conclusion of the paper are as follows:In the aspect of individual characteristic variable, with regard to non-profit MFIs, the loan officers who used to be a farmer or worked in government, male, with a higher have higher chance to achieve better social performance; loan officers who have longer work experience in MFI, female, with a younger age have higher chance to achieve better financial performance. With regard to traditional commercial MFIs, loan officers with younger age, higher educational level, not being a farmer before have higher chance to achieve better finnacial performance but lower chance to achieve better social performance. With regard to new commercial MFIs, the loan officers don’t have real power in deciding the loan release. In the aspect of institutional factors, with regard to non-profit MFIs, it is important to clarify the non-profit mission, adopt special MFI financial instruments, value the training, keep the owner of the instituion be non-profit driven, carry out non-profit theme activities to strengthen the loan officers’social performance. It is important to formalize the institution, make the loan releasing work professional, adopt chain-store business mode, value cooperation with other entities, strengthen the informationalized level and improve the personnel pay and subsidy system to strengthen the loan officers’ financial performance. With regard to traditional commercial MFIs, the research focused on the incentive system by weight, fairness, award intensity and punishment intensity and give out an explanation of the problems of the incentive system. With regard to new commercial MFIs, the research find out that the only concern of the loan officers is financial performance. The reason for this phenomenon for one hand is there is a contradiction between servicing the poor and making profit for the for-profit owners. On the other hand, it is the lacking of financial innovation and system design that causes the loan officers have no ability to make as much profit as serving rich customers by serving the poor. The research bring out some suggustions by a lgebraic model from the perspective of Theory of incentive compatibility. On the whole, the main contribution of this research are:First, a clear division of the main types of MFIs. systematicly studied their business objectives and mode of operation, summerised the loan officer performance management generally. Second, the research mainly focused on the the main influencing factors of loan officer performance management on non-profit, traditional commercial and new commercial MFIs. and put forward some suggestions to solve the existing problems.更多还原