【作者】 张芳兰；

【导师】 杨明朗；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 在日益激烈的全球化市场竞争中，创新是产品赢得市场，企业可持续发展的核心因素。科学准确的设计理论与方法可以指导产品设计过程，是产品成功开发的重要前提。设计阶段是产品开发的首要阶段，面向设计阶段的产品创新设计与评价是一项复杂的创造性活动。随着用户需求的多样化与个性化增长，创新设计与评价所涉及的科学与技术领域知识愈来愈多，大大增加了设计过程的复杂性。因此，针对现有设计理论与创新方法的文献分析，探究多学科理论与方法集成模型，开发产品创新设计与评价的具体方法流程，从而指导设计过程的准确实施。另外，用户在追求产品基本功能与质量的同时，产品的安全性、舒适性、易用性、高效性、审美性、愉悦性、环保性等人机设计特性越来越受到重视。基于人机工程学(Ergonomics，E)理论的人机产品创新成为产品设计的焦点，其合理开发可以有效预防与缓解由设计、生物、化学、物理等因素引起的人体危害，提高各项生活、生产劳动或工作的安全与效率，实现人、机与环境的共生系统。因此，以人机产品为研究对象，开发面向人机产品创新与评价的关键技术，对于改善设计质量，减少设计失误，加速设计过程，提高设计竞争力，提升设计水平具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文的主要研究工作与创新成果如下：（1）提出依据三角测量法，即通过专家访谈、问卷调研与E理论文献三种数据资料来源获取用户需求原始描述，经由E专家与工业设计师的专业知识背景与实践经验，将重复、相似、模糊的用户需求分别进行删除、合并与转化。并将所获取得用户需求，通过问卷采用5点量表法进行优先度评价，再经由因子分析法进行用户需求结构优化，采用Cronbach α系数进行信度检测，确保用户需求的完整性与有效性，创建了基于E理论的用户需求优先度评价模型与方法。（2）以传统质量功能展开(Quality function deployment，QFD)方法为研究基础，分析并挖掘其5项方法缺陷。构建了简化的QFD质量屋，将基于E理论的用户需求优先度评价方法作为该质量屋的源头输入，弥补了传统QFD方法的缺陷1：矩阵规模过大造成计算的复杂性与耗时性，缺陷2：用户需求获取的完整性与有效性无法保证，以及缺陷3：产品工程技术特性获取的主观性。创建了基于E/QFD集成模型的人机产品创新设计关键问题与关键设计区域定位方法。（3）以发明问题解决理论(Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problems,TRIZ)为研究基础，分析并挖掘其3项理论缺陷。将E/QFD模型方法与TRIZ理论结合，借助TRIZ冲突解决原理中的冲突矩阵、分离原理与40项发明原理，解决创新设计关键问题，并结合关键设计区域与E设计原则，创建了面向人机产品创新方案产生的E/QFD/TRIZ集成模型与方法。该集成模型可以弥补传统TRIZ理论缺陷1：未明确准确的创新问题，及缺陷2：缺少相关人机设计指导原理。同时弥补了传统QFD方法缺陷4：未涉及解决创新问题的具体方法与手段。（4）针对若干人机设计方案优选与决策问题，构建了基于E设计要素与外观形态特征群的两种评价属性体系。利用模糊理论中的三角模糊数与语言变量及传统TOPSIS方法，提出将模糊理论与TOPSIS方法相结合的多属性群决策方法，并创建了基于FTOPSIS的人机设计方案模糊多属性群决策模型与方法。（5）将FTOPSIS模糊多属性群决策方法与E/QFD/TRIZ模型相结合，创建了设计阶段的人机产品创新与评价完整集成模型E/QFD/TRIZ/FTOPSIS与方法，弥补了传统QFD与TRIZ共有的缺陷，即未涉及针对若干设计方案的评价方法。并且依据该集成模型提出四阶段式人机产品创新设计与评价完整过程，依次为人机用户需求优先度评价、人机创新设计关键定位、人机创新设计方案产生及人机设计方案评价，共包括15项具体方法步骤。通过传统厨房分体式烟机灶具的人机创新设计，论证了该完整集成模型与方法流程的有效性与可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With increasingly fierce competition in gloable market, innovation is the keyfactor for product winning market and company keeping sustainable development.Scientific and effective design theories and methods can effectively guide theproduct design process, which are important prerequisites for successful productdevelopment. The design stage is the first and crucial stage in product innovation.Ergonomic product innovative design and evaluaton is a complexed creative activityin design stage. As the diversified and personalized user needs increased, thecomplexity of product innovative design and evaluation is growing. It is involved inmore technical and scientific fields and increased the difficulty of innovation.Therefore, scientific and effective design method is an important precondition forproduct innovation. According to literature analysis of the existing design theoriesand innovative methods, the integration of multidisciplinary theories and methodsare explored. The integrated model and method of product innovative design andevaluation is developed to guide the accurate implementation of design process.Besides，in persuit of functionality and quality of a product, other constructsrelated ergonomic design characteristics such as safety, comfort, ease of use,efficiency, aesthetic, pleasure and environmental protection has beening more andmore emphasized by the users. Ergonomic product innovation based on Ergonomicsbecomes the focus of industrial design. The rational development of the ergonomicproduct can effectively provent and relieve harmful to human caused by design,biology, chemistry, physics and other factors. And it can also improve safety,comfort and efficiency in life, production activities or works to ensure a harmonioussystem of human, machine and the environment. Therefore, aiming at the ergonomicproduct, the key technologies for eronomic product innovation and evaluation aredevelopment, which can improve the design quality, reduce the design errors,accelerate the design process, and increase the design competitiveness and the levelof innovative design. The study has important theoretical and practical significance.The main content and innovation of the thesis are as follows: (1) A data source triangulation approach including expert interviews,questionnaire and the extensive review of ergonomics literature is proposed toidentify the original user needs descriptions. Then, the repeated, similar, vaguedescriptions were deleted, merged and transformed by E experts and industrialdesigners in light of their professional backgrounds and experiences. The obtaineduser needs were prioritized by questionnaire survies using5-point scale andoptimized according to factor analysis. Cronbach α coefficient was used for testingreliability to ensure the integrity and effectiveness of the user needs. The ergonomicuser needs priority evaluation model and method based on E was proposed.(2) The five defects of the quality function deployment (QFD) were proposedby analyzing the traditional QFD method. A simplified house of quality of the QFDwas advanced. The user needs priority evaluation model and method based on E as asource of input to the simplified House of Quality which make up the traditionalQFD first defect: the big matrix leads to computational complexity and timeconsuming, the second defect: the integrity and effectiveness can not be guaranteedaccess to user needs, and the third defect: product engineering technicalcharacteristics was acquired subjectively. The positioning method for the key issuesof ergonomic product innovation and the critical design areas based on integratedmodel E/QFD was explored.(3) The three defects of the theory of the solution of inventive problems (TRIZ)were proposed by analyzing the traditional TRIZ method. The model E/QFD wascombined with TRIZ to resolve the key issues of innovative design by applying theconflict resolution principles of the TRIZ including the conflict matrix, theseparation principle and40inventive principles. In addition, combining with the keydesign area and the E design principles, the integrated model E/QFD/TRIZ wasproposed for generating ergonomic design alternatives. It makes up the first defect ofthe TRIZ: innovative problems are not clear, and the second defect: lack of relatedergonomic design principle. Meanwhile, it improves the fouth defect of the QFD: nospecific innovative solutions.(4) For several ergonomic design alternatives decision-making, the twoevaluation attribute system based ergonomic design elements and form features group were developed. Using triangular fuzzy numbers, linguistic variables andtraditional TOPSIS method to propose the method of fuzzy multiple attribute groupdecision making. As a result, ergonomic design alternatives fuzzy multi-attributegroup decision making based on FTOPSIS model was proposed.(5) Incorprating FTOPSIS fuzzy multi-attribute group decision making methodinto E/QFD/TRIZ model, the integrated model E/QFD/TRIZ/FTOPSIS wasproposed for ergonomic product innovation and evaluation in design stage. It makesup the traditional QFD and TRIZ common defect: no evaluation method for severaldesign alternatives. In addition, the four-stage design and evaluation completeprocess, respectively, the ergonomic user needs priority evaluation, the keypositioning of innovative design, the ergonomic design alternatives generation, andthe evaluaton of design alternatives, including fifteen steps. At the end, a traditionalkitchen stove hood was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility ofthe proposed methods, providing a reference for the development of other types ofergonomic products.更多还原