【作者】 邓辉；

【导师】 何政伟；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 西南―三江‖成矿带是特提斯-喜马拉雅巨型成矿域的重要组成部分，成矿带先后经历了晚古生代-中生代特提斯构造演化和新生代大陆碰撞造山的叠加转换，构造-岩浆-流体活动强烈，成矿条件优越，资源潜力巨大。本文选取西南三江成矿带中段德钦至木里地区作为研究区域，利用遥感技术进行遥感找矿信息的提取研究，区域为中高植被覆盖，遥感找矿弱信息提取成为研究难点问题。本论文通过对已有地质资料和前人研究成果进行分析，总结出区内的地质矿产特征，为遥感找矿信息提取提供理论依据。在此基础上进行野外地质调查收集区内地质、矿产、植被、土壤和植被光谱等信息，利用多光谱、高光谱、雷达等遥感数据提取线环构造信息、遥感矿化蚀变信息和遥感生物地球化学信息，并将提取的遥感找矿信息与地质矿产资料进行综合分析，总结区内的矿床分布特征，圈定找矿远景区。论文的主要研究内容和取得的主要研究成果如下：（1）通过数字图像处理的方法，将多光谱、高光谱和雷达等遥感数据进行有效集成。研究区位于西南―三江‖中部中高植被覆盖区，本次研究选用光学和雷达数据，综合两类数据的优点进行遥感找矿弱信息的提取研究。光学遥感数据主要进行辐射校正、几何校正、镶嵌融合等预处理，雷达数据进行聚焦处理、多视处理、斑点滤波、地理编码和辐射定标，实现雷达数据和光学数据的集成，总结出适合遥感找矿信息提取的多源遥感数据集成方法和技术。（2）利用遥感技术进行线性构造和环形构造的遥感解译。本次研究中结合光学遥感数据和雷达数据的优点进行分层次构造解译。全区宏观构造利用OLI遥感数据进行解译，通过对OLI遥感数据进行彩色合成、卷积滤波等图像增强处理，突出影像中纹理和线性信息，研究结果表明卷积滤波中的高通滤波、拉普拉斯滤波和方向滤波对线性构造的增强效果明显。合成孔径雷达数据采用与多光谱复合、极化合成等方法进行彩色合成，能够有效增强地质构造信息。多极化数据采用2HV，HH+VV，HH-VV方式RGB假彩色合成图像具有色彩反差适中，有效增强图像纹理特征的优点，能够很好的反映出构造信息。单极化数据通过与OLI多光谱遥感数据进行复合，复合后影像综合多光谱数据色彩丰富和SAR图像纹理特征信息，有效增强构造信息。（3）运用数量化分析方法对研究区内线环构造分布特征进行分析，总结出区内线环构造分布特点及其与成矿的关系。从研究区走向玫瑰图分析得出区内的线性构造方向性强，北西向线性构造最为发育，其次发育近南北向和北东向线性构造。线性构造分区特征明显，优势方位局部差异明显，研究区金沙江以西地区主要发育以近南北向构造，东部地区线性构造呈菱形格子状分布。环形构造的分布与线性构造具有很好的相关性，主要分布在研究区中东部区域，呈现聚集分布的特点。线性体交点密度高值区与铜和银多金属矿化相关性较好，环形构造交点高密度地区与热液型矿床的分布具有很好的相关性，能够为热液型矿床的预测提供重要的指示性信息。（4）利用多光谱和高光谱数据进行研究区遥感矿化蚀变信息的提取。通过对OLI和ASTER多光谱数据比值法和主成分分析法提取的遥感矿化蚀变信息效果对比分析得出，中高植被覆盖区采用去干扰主成分分析的方法明显优于比值法。Hyperion高光谱利用光谱角制图法和基于波谱识别的方法提取蚀变矿物，光谱角制图方法提取出白云石、绿泥石、褐铁矿、黄铁矿、伊利石和蒙脱石等6种蚀变矿物，基于波谱识别的方法提取的蚀变信息增加了对白云石、方解石、透闪石和高岭土四类蚀变矿物的识别。通过将提取的蚀变矿物进行验证发现，高光谱数据采用光谱角填图的方法能够对蚀变矿物进行有效识别。（5）斑岩型铜矿体埋藏浅，成矿元素和伴生元素易于通过地下水带至土壤覆盖层被植物吸收，对植物产生毒害作用，因此论文选取雪鸡坪、春都、普朗和红山等斑岩型铜矿集中分布区域进行矿产资源遥感生物地球化学效应研究。通过对区内云南松、冷杉、落叶松、高山栎和杜鹃等优势物种的野外实测波谱曲线进行分析发现，受毒害植物波谱曲线出现不同程度的蓝移现象，其在遥感影像的灰度值一般高于背景区植被，灰度值与植物叶中的Co和Cd元素，土壤中的Mn和Sb元素相关性大。研究成果能够为中高植被覆盖区的矿床勘查提供参考依据。（6）通过基于地质和遥感信息对矿床的分布特征进行分析得出，二叠系和三叠系是研究区内的主要的成矿地层，区内新生代、中生代和古生代岩体均有分布，成矿的岩体主要是中生代三叠纪岩体。矿床主要集中分布于环形构造边缘、线环构造交叉部位和线性构造交叉点，遥感矿化蚀变信息多分布于矿床外围及附近，对矿床具有一定的指示作用，通过综合研究圈定出欠虽-普朗铜多金属找矿远景区和羊拉铜矿找矿远景区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Metallogenic Belts of San-jiang Region，Southwest China is important part of Tethys-Himalayan giant metallogenic domain. Metallogenic belt which existed strong tectonic-magmatic-Fluid Activities has experienced a late Paleozoic-Mesozoic tectonic evolution ofTethys， then gone through the Cenozoic continental collision orogeny superimposedconversion. The metallogenic belt has excellent metallogenic conditions and huge resourcepotential. The paper selects Denqin-Muli as study area， using remote sensing techniques toextract mineralization information. As the high vegetation cover in the study area，effectivelyextracting mineralization information becomes difficult problems. The paper summarizesmineral geological features in the study area by analyzing the achievements of formerresearches and research results. The Paper collectes geology，minerals，vegetation，soil andvegetation spectral information in the study area by conducting filed geological investigation.Paper extracts prospecting information by using remote sensing techniques，then delimitsprospecting areas by analyzing the distribution characteristics of deposit combined withgeological data. The main contents and the main research results obtained as follows：（1）The paper gathers multispectral， hyperspectral and radar remote sensing data foreffective integration by using the methods of digital image processing. The study area islocated in the midland of southwest of "sanjiang"，where it is medium to high vegetationcoverage. This study choses optical and radar data，integrated the advantages of two kinds ofdata for the extraction of remote sensing mineralized weak information research. Radiationcorrection，geometric correction，mosaicing and fusion，are applied to preprocessing opticalremote sensing data. And focusing，multilooking，speckle filtering，geocoding and radiationcalibration are applied to preprocessing radar data. Through these operations，this paperrealizes the integration of the radar data and optical data，and summarizes these integrationmethods and techniques suitable for remote sensing mineralized information extraction ofmulti-source remote sensing data.（2）The paper interprets lineament and circular structure by using remote sensingtechnology. This study combines the advantages of optical and radar data to interpret structure. This paper uses the OLI remote sensing data to do regional macro structuralinterpretation，and through some image enhancement，such as the color compositing andconvolution filtering of OLI remote sensing data，texture and linear information can behighlighted. By utilizing high-pass filtering，laplacian filtering and directional filtering，partof convolution filtering，linear structure enhancement effect is obvious. Synthetic apertureradar data that fuses together with multi-spectral data，or processes with polarizationsynthesis method， can effectively strengthen geological structure information.Multi-polarization data using2HV，HH+VV，HH-VV as RGB channels to map to pseudocolor composite image，which has the advantages of moderate color contrast and effectiveenhancement of image texture feature， can well reflect the structural information.Single-polarization data fusing together with OLI multispectral remote sensing data，composites the information of colorful multispectral image data and abundant texture featureof SAR image data，and effectively strengthen structure information.（3）The paper summarizes lineament and circular structure distribution characteristicsby using the quantitative analysis method to analyze distribution of lineament and circularstructure in the study area. From the rose diagram analysis，it is concluded that the lineamentdirectionality is strong，the north-west to the lineament is developed，minor developmentaldirections are south-north direction and north-east. In the study area，lineament partitioncharacteristics is obvious，local differences advantage is apparent. West of jinsha river regionin the study area mainly developed nearly NS-trending lineament，and in the eastern region，structure mainly appears diamond lattice. Distribution of annular structure and lineament hasstrong relativity. It mainly distributed in central eastern regions，circular structure gathered inthis area. Lineament intersection point density area has good correlation with copper and silvermineralization. The intersection of high density in circular structure has good relevance withhydrothermal type deposits，which can provide important information for predicting indicativeof hydrothermal deposits.（4）The study area of remote sensing mineralized alteration information are extractedby using multispectral and hyperspectral data. Comparing remote sensing mineralizedalteration information effect of OLI，ASTER multispectral data，by ratio method and themethod of principal component analysis，it conclude that interfere with the principalcomponent analysis method is superior to ratio method in the high vegetation coverage area.Hyperion hyperspectral uses spectral Angle mapping method and the method based onspectral identification extraction to exstract alteration minerals. We use spectral Anglemapping method to extract six kinds of altered minerals，such as dolomite，chlorite， illiteand montmorillonite，limonite，pyrite. Based on the other method，alteration information arealso exstracted. It increased four kinds of alteration mineral identification，such as dolomite， calcite，tremolite and kaolin. Hyperspectral data with the method of spectral Angle mapping，can carry on the effective identification of altered minerals.（5）The paper carries out romete sensing in biogeochemistry of mineral resources inporphyry copper concentrate distribution. There are Xuejiping，Pulang， Chundu，and Hongshan Porphyry copper deposit. Porphyry copper ore bodies buried in shallow，ore-formingelements and associated elementseasily can easily pass the underground water to soil cover，and absorbed by plants，produce toxic effects on plants. Based on the analysis of the fieldmeasured spectral curves of the Yunnanensis， fir，larch，mountain oak and rhododendron inthe area，dominant poisoned plant appeared blueshift phenomenon in different degree. Theremote sensing image gray value of these species is generally higher than the backgroundvegetation，gray value have great correlation with the Co，Cd elements in the plant leaf，Mnand Sb elements in the soil，which can provide the reference for the exploration of ore depositin high vegetation covered area.（6）Based on geology and remote sensing information，the paper analyses thedistribution features of the ore deposit，Permian and Triassic formation are the mainore-bearing rock strata. The Cenozoic，Mesozoic and Paleozoic rock are distributed in thestudy area. The ore-bearing rock rock mass is mainly Mesozoic Triassic rock mass. Depositmainly distributed in the edge of circular structures，lineament and circular structure crosssection，lineament intersection. Remote sensing mineralized alteration information which hassome indication of deposit mainly distributed around the ore deposit.which has certaininstruction function for deposit. The distribution features of the ore deposit can providereference basis for prospecting.更多还原