【作者】 高磊；

【导师】 刘玉田； 汤涌；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 电力系统及其自动化， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 柔性交流输电装置(Flexible AC Transmission System, FACTS)在提升电网安全稳定水平和运行效率方面发挥了重要的作用。随着柔性交流输电装置在电力系统中的广泛应用,多个FACTS控制器之间的交互作用和协调问题成为与实际电网安全稳定运行密切相关的关键技术问题和研究热点。研究多个FACTS装置间交互作用的原因和机理,以及协调控制问题,提出系统的、可行的协调控制策略,对于提高电力系统的稳定运行水平,具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。论文以电力系统动态稳定问题为工程背景,在电力系统多FACTS交互作用分析及协调阻尼控制方面,进行了深入的研究和有益的探讨,提出利用多变量频域控制理论、协同专家控制理论和广域协调控制理论相结合的思想解决复杂电力系统中的多FACTS交互作用分析与协调阻尼控制问题,并借助于数模混合仿真实验室验证了论文所提理论和方法的有效性。主要研究工作和创新性成果如下：1)针对当前多FACTS协调控制与交互作用领域存在的多FACTS交互作用机理研究缺乏的问题,本文提出了采用选择模式分析(Selective Modal Analysis,SMA)和多变量频域控制理论进行多FACTS交互作用机理研究的方法。具体为首先通过SMA法对大规模电力系统的线性化微分-代数方程降阶,得到仅包含与FACTS控制器强相关状态变量的缩略状态空间模型,而后在此缩略状态空间模型的基础上,利用多变量频域控制理论推导出了多FACTS间交互作用的关系和发生条件,并在此基础上揭示了多FACTS间交互作用的机理。研究结果表明：处于多机系统同一电力区域中的多台FACTS阻尼控制器间存在相互制约的关系,当控制器参数满足负交互条件时会发生比较明显的负交互作用,严重时甚至威胁系统的安全运行,当控制器参数满足协调运行条件时才能保证多FACTS间的协调运行与控制。通过典型四机两区域系统和某实际电网的时域仿真结果对比,验证了所提出的多FACTS负交互作用判据在判定多FACTS间是否存在负交互作用的正确性。2)针对现有研究中多FACTS阻尼控制交互作用量化分析方法缺乏的问题,提出了基于多变量系统等效开环过程(Effective Open-loop Process, EOP)理论和多变量Nyquist推广定理的多FCATS阻尼控制器交互作用量化分析方法。推导了电力系统阻尼控制框架下的EOP,在此基础上建立了用于多FACTS阻尼控制器分析的阻尼控制等效开环过程(Damping Control Effective Open-loop Process, DCEOP).提出了基于DCEOP谱半径和多变量Nyquist推广定理的多FACTS阻尼控制器交互作用分析方法,可以判断系统中是否存在多FACTS阻尼控制器的负交互作用。进一步推导并提出了基于DCEOP的多FACTS交互风险因子和交互作用因子,实现了多FACTS阻尼控制器协调控制及交互作用的量化分析。算例仿真结果验证了本文方法的正确性以及在实际电网中应用的可行性。3)针对实际大规模电力系统多FACTS阻尼控制器参数难以协调的问题,提出了利用网格自适应直接搜索(Mesh Adaptive Direct Search,MADS)算法整定多FACTS阻尼控制器的方法,该方法使用频域设计思想保证了控制器多运行方式下的鲁棒性,同时使用MADS算法保证多控制器的协调运行能力,最终实现多台FACTS阻尼控制器的协调运行与控制。实际电网中的仿真结果验证了采用MADS方法所整定的多FACTS阻尼控制器参数在提高电力系统阻尼与消除多FACTS负交互作用方面的有效性。4)针对现有多FACTS参数协调控制方法采用离线仿真校核,只能实现有限数量工况下的协调控制,所整定的控制器参数无法适应运行工况多变的实际电力系统的缺陷,论文将专家控制理论与广域控制理论相融合,提出了一种基于广域协同专家控制理论的多FACTS协调阻尼实时控制新方法。基于多FACTS协调控制专家的先进经验实时监控电网运行状态和多FACTS交互作用程度,实现多FACTS协调有效特征量的实时提取；通过协同专家子系统自动推理生成区域实时协调控制决策,实现区域电网的多FACTS实时协调控制；通过协同专家总系统在线自动生成实时协同控制决策,进而实现全网多FACTS控制器的实时协调控制,从而为复杂系统下的多FACTS协调控制问题提供新的解决方案。通过对某实际电网的仿真及数模混合实时仿真试验验证了所提出的多FACTS实时协调控制方法的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) plays an important role in enhancing security and stability of power system as well as improving operational efficiency of the grid. With the wide applications of FACTS technology and devices in power systems, the interaction analysis and coordinated control among multiple FACTS controllers in power system become one of the hot topics. More and more studies show that individually designed and well-run FACTS controllers cannot guarantee the performance conditions while commissioning the controller. Certain interactions exist between FACTS devices, which will worsen the control effect of FACTS seriously and even threaten the safe operation of the system. The Interaction and coordination of multiple FACTS controllers became the key technical issues of the actual grid. Study on the possibility and mechanism of interaction as well as the coordinated control problem among multiple FACTS devices, and study on the coordinated control strategy for improving power system stability has important theoretical and practical significance. Thorough studies and useful discussions on interaction mechanism, interaction analysis method and coordinated control method of multi-FACTSs for large power system have been made in this dissertation. Main contributions and innovations are described as following:1) The interaction mechanism among multiple FACTS damping controllers in power system was studied, and a novel multi-FACTS interaction mechanism analysis method on the base of Selective Modal Analysis (SMA) and multivariable frequency domain control theory was presented. First of all, the multi-FACTS interaction characteristic was extracted with the help of SMA. Then the interaction relations among the multi-FACTS and occurred conditions were derived using multivariable frequency domain control theory. Furthermore, the mechanism of interaction was theoretically proved on the base of the above research. The results show that there is certain conditional relationship between multiple FACTS damping controllers in the same power system. When the parameters satisfy a certain condition, the negative interaction of multiple FACTS occur, which even threaten the safe operation of the system. In order to ensure the coordinated operation of multiple FACTS controllers, the controller parameters should satisfy the coordinated operation conditions. The simulation results validated the conclusion.2) The interaction among multiple FACTS damping controllers in power system was studied, and a novel multi-FACTS interaction analysis method on the base of Effective Open-loop Process (EOP) theorem was presented. First of all, the EOP under the framework of power system damping control was deduced, and the Damping Control Effective Open-loop Process (DCEOP) for multiple FACTS interaction analysis was established. Then a new interaction analysis method based on DCEOP spectral radius and multivariable promotion Nyquist theorem was proposed, which can determine whether the system contains negative interactions among FACTS damping controllers. Furthermore, two novel interaction quantitative indexes based on DCEOP were derived and proposed, which offer quantitative interaction analysis for multiple FACTS controllers. Finally, the simulation results for typical system as well as a practical power grid verified the validity and efficiency of the method proposed in this dissertation.3) The coordinated control method among multiple FACTS damping controllers in power system was studied, and a novel coordinated control design technique based on Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MADS) algorithm was proposed, which could ensure the coordinative operation of multiple FACTS damping controllers in the same power grid. This method used the frequency domain design idea to ensure the robustness of the multiple controllers under different operation schemes, and ensured the coordination of multi-controller running ability on the base of MADS algorithm, thus ultimately achieved coordinated operation and control of multiple FACTS damping controllers. The simulation results validated the conclusion.4) The coordinated control method among multiple FACTS damping controllers in power system was studied, and a novel coordinated control technique based on Wide-area Collaborative Expert Control System Theory was proposed. First of all, the grid operation status and interaction level of multiple FACTS controllers was monitored in real time based on the advanced experience of control experts, and efficient extraction of the feature quantity of multiple FACTS coordinated control was achieved. Then, the real-time coordination control decisions were automatic generated through regional expert subsystems which ensured the coordinated control of multi-FACTSs within the regional grid. Finally, the regional expert subsystems were supervised and coordinated by the collaborative-main system and the coordinated control of multi-FACTSs of the whole grid was realized in real time. This method provided a new solution to solve the multi-FACTSs coordinated control problem in complex power systems. The simulation results and test results validated the conclusion.更多还原