【作者】 王超；

【导师】 张梅生；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 古生物学与地层学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 松辽盆地北部西斜坡广义上系指齐家-古龙凹陷中轴线以西的地区，包括齐家-古龙凹陷西部、龙虎泡-大安阶地、泰康隆起带、西部超覆带等二级构造单元，勘探面积27299km2。西斜坡区石油资源量约为11.62~16.56亿吨，累计探明石油地质储量1761×104t（含富拉基尔油田），含油面积21.3km2，天然气地质储量49.95×108m3，含气面积58.9km2，证明西斜坡具有较大的油气勘探潜力，但总体与油气资源量相差较大。此外，松辽盆地北部西斜坡是大庆油田勘探程度较低的区块之一。除储量区有三维地震工区，其余均为年代较早的二维地震工区或没有地震工区覆盖；除储量区外区域上的钻井也比较少；并且除萨尔图油层外，其他油层没有大的突破，但是其勘探潜力是比较客观的。其中一些无构造发育区探井也具有油气显示，预示着地层岩性油气藏勘探有较大的前景。本文充分利用钻测井、岩心资料及井-震结合的地震相分析技术，确定研究区各三级层序的沉积相带展布。在区域层序地层格架约束下，运用优化后的回剥法恢复了研究区目的层系各沉积期的古地貌，以三级层序地层为单位绘制沉积时期的古地貌图，分析地貌特征，特别是沉积坡折带的形成、分布位置与坡度。最后，在层序地层格架内，结合构造坡折带特征及沉积相展布规律，运用层序地层对地层岩性圈闭形成的“二面三带”控制原理（即不整合面控砂、湖泛面控藏、地层超覆尖灭带控砂、坡折带控砂体分散体系），以坡折带控层、控相、控藏研究为主线，揭示沉积相及砂体分布与“二面三带”的配置关系。构造与沉积相结合、区域研究与重点区带相结合，在已知油气圈闭解剖的基础上确定地层岩性圈闭发育的地层与平面分布位置，分析岩性地层圈闭的类型，通过研究得出如下结论性认识：建立了研究区泉三段～嫩江组的层序地层格架。研究区内共划分出三个二级层序，即泉三段、泉四～青山口和姚家～嫩江三个二级层序。其中泉四～青山口组二级层序又可进一步划分为4个三级层序(长期旋回)，即SQ2、SQ3、SQ4、SQ5；中部的姚家组为一个三级层序SQ6，上部嫩江组分为嫩江下SQ7、嫩江上SQ8两个三级层序。以三级层序为单位，恢复了西斜坡地区青山口组、姚家组、嫩江组内部三级层序SQ3、SQ4、SQ5、SQ6、SQ7-LST+TST沉积时期构造古地形。成果表明，青山口组、姚家组沉积期存在明显坡折，垂向上坡折存在逐渐变缓的趋势。确定了研究区主要发育的沉积相类型。研究区主要发育有河流～泛滥平原、三角洲、滑塌浊积扇、滨浅湖和半深湖等几种沉积相类型；分析了三级层序上升期与下降期的沉积相构成与沉积体系展布特征；指出了三角洲前端浊积扇体及三角洲前缘上倾尖灭带是岩性油气藏勘探的一个重要领域。松辽盆地北部西部斜坡三角洲前缘发育，与三角洲前缘相关的地层-岩性圈闭类型众多。本文详细分析了三角洲前缘砂体与鼻状构造侧翼、断层等叠合形成的构造-岩性、断层-岩性、砂岩翘倾尖灭等圈闭是研究区圈闭的主要类型。在研究区南部三角洲前缘相对较陡的地形坡度及湖浪对先前三角洲前缘砂体改造的条件下，三角洲前缘滑塌，搬运至斜坡下部形成一定规模的滑塌浊积扇，分散的浊积砂体被周围的湖相泥岩包围，易形成岩性圈闭。以三级层序为单元，在研究地貌演化特征及其与沉积体系的配置关系的基础上，在西斜坡共发现SQ3-LST+TST滑塌浊积体有利区、SQ3-HST滑塌浊积体和北部三角洲前缘地层岩性圈闭有利区、SQ4滑塌浊积体有利区和SQ7-HST三角洲前缘砂体侧超地层岩性圈闭有利区。综上所述，本次研究得出了两点创新性的认识：(1)本文的研究为陆相层序地层学在世界已知最大规模陆相盆地的西部斜坡区应用的实践，通过利用研究区现有地震、钻井等勘探生产资料，建立了泉头组-嫩江组下部高精度层序地层格架，并在此基础上利用井震结合技术识别出不同沉积地质体，发现了两大勘探领域四种类型目标体，并最终识别出了有利的岩性圈闭。(2)在该研究区内首次使用古地貌恢复技术，对研究区内青山口组-姚家组识别出两级坡折带，经详细分析得出坡折带对不同的岩性体的分布具有相应的控制作用。本文以层序地层理论为指导，建立了研究区等时地层格架，在该框架内，将层序地层学与沉积学相结合、构造地质学与沉积学相结合，分析了基准面旋回演化过程中沉积体系的构成，界面性质演化及与沉积体的配置关系，探讨了古地貌坡折带发育特征与控砂原理，开展了西斜坡区岩性地层圈闭形成条件和分布规律研究，本文的结论性认识对于寻找有利的岩性、地层和地层岩性圈闭，打开西斜坡油气勘探的新局面具有十分重要的实践意义和现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The west slope Zone of the north Songliao Basin broadly speaking refers to the axisof the West part of Qijia-Gulong sag, including secondary structure unit: West part ofQijia-Gulong sag、Longhupao-Daan terrace、Taikang uplift zone、West overlap Etc., theexploration area is27299km2.The amount of oil resources of the west slope Zone of the north Songliao Basin isabout11.62~16.56million tons, total proven oil geological reserves is1761milliontons(contain Fulaerji oilfield), oil area is21.3km2, the geological reserves of the naturegas is49.95×108m3，the gas area is58.9km2，that prove the west slope has great oil and gasexploration potential, but that have large difference between the quantity of oil and gasresources totality.In addition, the west slope of the north of Songliao basin is one of the low degreeexploration block of Daqing oilfield. In addition to reserves have3D seismic work area,the rest are in2D seismic area earlier or no seismic area coverage; In addition to the outerregions of the reserves have less drilling; and in addition to the Saertu reservoir, the otherreservoirs have no major breakthrough,but the exploration potential is comparativeobjective.Wells in some non structure developed area also have the show of oil and gas,indicates that the exploration of stratigraphic and lithologic oil and gas reservoirs havegreat prospects.This paper makes full use of logging data、core data and well-seismic combination of seismic facies analysis technology, determine the distribution of each third levelsedimentary sequence facies in study area.In the constraints of the regional sequence stratigraphic framework, using theoptimized back stripping method restorated the various sedimentary periodpalaeogeomorphology of the objective layers in the study area, in the third-order sequencestratigraphic units drawed paleogeomorphogloic map of each sedimentary period, analysisof morphological characteristics, especially the formation of sedimentary slope break belt,and the distribution of location and slope.At last, in sequence stratigraphic frameworks, combined with the characteristics andthe sedimentary facies distribution law of the structural slope break belt,used the controlprinciplestratigraphic traps formed "Two surfaces and Three belts"(That is Unconformitysurface controlling sand、The lake flooding surface controlling reservoir、The stratigraphiconlap Pinchout belt controlling sand、The slope break belt controlling sand dispersionsystem), To the research main line is slope belt control layer,facies, reservoir,to reveal theconfiguration of the relationship between the "Faces and The distrabution of sand " and"Two surfaces and Three belts".The combination of structural and sedimentary、regional research and key zone, Onthe basis of analyse known oil and gas traps, determination the development strata andplane distribution location of formation lithologic trap, analysis of the types of lithologicstratigraphic traps, From what has been discussed above, the paper may finally draw theconclusion as below:Established sequence stratigraphic framework of a objective interval the thirdsection of Quan period-Nenjiang period. The objective interval is divided into threesecond-order sequence the third section of Quan period, the fourth section of Quan period~Qingshankou period and Yaojia period~Nenjiang period. The fourth section of Quanperiod~Qingshankou period is divided into four third-order sequence SQ2、SQ3、SQ4、SQ5; The middle of Yaojia period is a third-order sequence SQ6. Upper Nenjiang period isdivided into two third-order sequence the lower part of the Nenjiang SQ7and the upper part of the Nenjiang SQ8. Based on the third-order sequences, we restored the depositionalperiod structure palaeotopography of the third sequence SQ3, SQ4, SQ5, SQ6, SQ7-LST+TST which inside the west slope region Qingshankou period. Results indicate that there issignificantly slope break in the depositional period of Qingshankou period and Yaojiaperiod and the vertical slope break is gradually slowing.The main development of the types of sedimentary facies in the objectiveinterval is determined.There are several major developmental deposition of river-floodplain, delta, slump turbidite fan, shallow lake and semi-deep lake facies in theobjective interval; Analysis of sedimentary facies composition and distributioncharacteristics of sedimentary system in rise of the third-order sequence and fall of;Pointed out that pour off with a sharp front turbidite fan delta and delta-front is animportant area of ithologic reservoir exploration.The western slope of Songliao Basin in northern delta front development,numerous stratigraphic and lithologic traps associated with delta-front type.Thispaper analyzes the structure of the delta front sand body and nose structure flank, fault andother composite formation-lithology, fault-rock, sandstone trap which are the main typetraps in the objective interval. The leading edge of the objective interval in the southerndelta relatively steep terrain slope and waves on the lake delta front sand under theprevious conditions for the transformation of delta front slump, moving to the lowerslopes of a certain scale slump turbidite fan, decentralized turbidite sand body issurrounded by lacustrine mudstones around, easy to form lithologic traps. To third-ordersequence as a unit, based on the study geomorphological evolution and its relationshipwith the depositional system configuration on the west slope were found SQ3-LST+TSTfluxoturbidite favorable area, SQ3-HST fluxoturbidite body and northern delta frontstratigraphic and lithologic traps favorable area, SQ4fluxoturbidite favorable areas andSQ7-HST side delta front sand traps favorable lithology super area.In summary, this study concluded that the understanding of the two innovation:This study practice as the continental sequence stratigraphy in the world the largestknown continental basins in western slope area application, through the use of the study area the existing seismic、drilling Etc. exploration and production data, established highresolution sequence stratigraphic framework of the Quantou Formation-lower Nenjiangformation., and on this basis, using the combination of well and seismic technology toidentify different sedimentary bodies, the two major exploration and four types of targetwas found, and ultimately identify favorable lithologic traps. In the study area for the firsttime using the Paleogeomorphology restoration technology, Qingshankou and Yaojiagroup was identified two level slope belt in the study area, after detailed analysis that theslope belt distribution of the different lithologic body have the corresponding controlfunction.This paper takes the sequence stratigraphy theory as the guide, established ofisochronous stratigraphic frame, in this framework, the sequence stratigraphy andsedimentology combined, structural geology and Sedimentology combined, analysised ofthe components of depositional system in the process of base level cycle evolution, therelationship of configuration between interfacial properties evolution and sedimentarybody,discusses paleogeomorphology slope belt development characteristics and sandcontrol principle, research the western slope zone of lithologic stratigraphic trap formationconditions and distribution regularities. Conclusion this paper to find favorable lithologytraps、the formation and the stratigraphic-lithologic traps, to open up a new prospect foroil and gas exploration in the west slope have very important practical significance.更多还原