【作者】 王永胜；

【导师】 马云鹏；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 可持续发展思想的提出和形成经历了几十年的时间。它是人类在审视自己已经走过的发展道路,深刻反思沿袭已久的生存方式和思想观念,进而去寻找一条既能保证经济增长和社会发展,又能维护生态良性循环的全新的发展道路而逐渐形成的。我国在经历改革开放30多年来高速发展后,由于经济的快速发展带来了诸多的环境问题、社会问题。面对“环境与发展”这一当今世界普遍关注的重大问题,探索如何在发展经济的同时保护人类赖以生存和发展的生态环境,联合国教科文等国际组织呼吁加强对于教育促进可持续发展的重视。将2005至2014年确定为“可持续发展教育十年”。提出“将可持续发展的内在价值观融入到学习的方方面面中,来鼓励人们行为的改变而实现一个更加持续和公正的社会”的整体目标,倡导通过教育培育可持续性的未来所需的价值观、行为准则和生活方式。在这样的背景下,将可持续发展教育融入课程并落实到学校教育教学实践中已成为基础教育改革的重要议题。可持续发展教育是一个复杂而不容易实现的任务。从我国教育的具体情况来看,虽然可持续发展教育在我国已经开始得到重视,但是政策上的不清晰,基础的薄弱以及资源和能力的不足,使得中国可持续发展教育举步为艰。如何将可持续发展教育落实到学校教育的课程教学中,尤其是以分科课程为主的课程体系中,克服由于过度拥挤的课程内容、相对不足的教学时间、师资队伍相差悬殊和高利害考试压力等多重矛盾的困扰,是值得课程研究者高度关注的、极具挑战性的问题。进入新千年,我国基础教育课程改革为实施可持续发展教育带来了新的契机。本研究探讨如何在新课程改革的背景下,以可持续发展教育理念为指导,将可持续发展教育落实到学校课程整体规划和开发中,指导学校总体教育工作的实施,实现可持续发展教育的目的与目标。针对学校层面探讨可持续发展教育在学校实施的状况,研究学校内部有关人员对于可持续发展教育的认识,分析如何有效地在学校课程中落实可持续发展教育。本研究以一所绿色学校为个案,深入了解这所学校在可持续发展教育理念下学校课程开发的整体状况和具体作法,以及在开展可持续发展教育的过程中相关人员理念的变化和能力的提升。本研究通过对个案学校的实地研究,较为全面地考察学校如何将可持续发展教育的理念融入学校课程之中。通过对校长等管理者的访谈,对相关学科教师的深入访谈,以及对学校课程方案的具体分析,对课堂教学的观察和学生社团活动的具体分析,刻画出学校的整体情况和可持续发展教育的要素。该所学校明确可持续发展教育作为学校的办学理念和愿景,将其体现在课程规划与开发方面的整体设计;将可持续发展教育融入生物等相关学科的教学之中;开发体现可持续发展教育理念的生态型校本课程;组织指导学生社团开展课题研究实施可持续发展教育。在总结本研究发现的基础上,提出学校层面开展可持续发展教育的具体建议。研究结论:可持续发展教育的理念在一所学校实施是可行的、有效的;将可持续发展教育融入各学科教学中是落实可持续发展教育的主要渠道;多样化的校本课程开发也是可持续发展教育的重要途径;社团活动课程化有利于可持续发展教育的进一步深化。建议:持续不断地将可持续发展教育理念融入学校教育之中;不断更新管理者和教师的观念,提高专业素养;加大对教育的投入,改善办学条件;构建多层次、有特色的校本课程。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the past decades, sustainable development theory has been put forward and formed. Looking back their path of development,reconsidering their past existence and concepts,human races took trails to seek for a new way of development, which kept the increasing pace of economy, development of society and meanwhile the virtuous circle of ecosystem. In this process,the theory gradually emerged.Reform and opening up 30 years, our economy has made sustained and rapid growth. But in this process, environmental problems and social problems of human society become increasingly prominent. At present, the environment and development problems have become one of the world’s most concerned problems. International organizations such as UNESCO realize the significance of Education for Sustainable Development(ESD), Time spanning from 2005 to 2014 has been settled as‘An Decade of Education for Sustainable Development’. UNESCO proposed the goal that they would apply the values to the sustainable development in every field of education, provide incentives for behaviour changes to realize a fair and sustainable society. UNESCO also advocated fostering the values and principles and lifestyle of sustainable development. In these circumstances, education for sustainable development has been an important issue of elementary education reform.ESD is a complex and difficult task. Although high attention has been paid to ESD,unclear policies,weak infrastructure and sufficiency in resources and capabilities all contribute to difficulties in achieving it. While it is worth paying attention to implement ESD in the concrete instruction.Stepping into new millennium, the comprehensively implementing of the curriculum reforms offer a new chance for ESD. Under the background of new curriculum reform and the idea of sustainable development.,this thesis explores how to implement ESD in school curriculum, guide the schooling and achieve the goal of ESD.Speciffically,this study explores implementation status of ESD in school, investigates the school officials’ understanding of ESD and analyzes how to implement ESD in school.This thesis selects a case of green School. The study explains the condition and specific approach of curriculum development under the concept of ESD, analyzes the change of the school officials’ ideas and abilities in the process of implementing ESD.Through field study,interviewing the school administrators and the teachers in relevant subjects as well as analyzing curriculum program,the paper thoroughly investigates how to incorporate ESD idea into school curriculum, describes the general situation of the case school and the elements of ESD. The case school regards ESD as the school’s philosophy and vision, embodies ESD in curriculum development and management. The school also integrates ESD into the instruction of related disciplines, such as biology, develops the school-based courses which embodies the idea of ESD and guides the school clubs carrying out subject study. Based on the research findings, the paper puts forward concrete proposals of implementing ESD in school.The study’s conclusions include four points. Firstly, the implementation of ESD in school is viable and effective. Secondly, integrating ESD into subject teaching is main approach of implementing ESD. Thirdly, constructing school-basic curriculum is also the main approach of implementing ESD. Finally, Curricularization of the club activities help the implement of ESD.Recommendations include: continuing integrating the idea of ESD into the schooling; renewing the concept of school administrators and teachers;enhancing their specialized abilities; increasing input in education to improve school conditions; constructing multilevel and special school-based curriculum.更多还原