【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 王少国；

【作者基本信息】 首都经济贸易大学 ， 国民经济学， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放近40年来,中国经济增长取得举世瞩目的成就,同时影响可持续增长的结构性不平衡问题也逐步显现。其中,消费不足代表的总需求结构问题、资本结构失衡代表的总供给结构问题、收入差距扩大代表的分配结构问题尤为突出。如何进一步释放“改革红利”,促进不平衡的实际结构向平衡的新结构转变,推动中国经济增长实现“新常态”和新发展是当前学界重点关注领域。本文围绕分配结构变动对资本结构和劳均消费的影响机理进行了探索,研究了与平衡增长路径中劳均消费最大化相适应的匹配资本结构和适度收入差距,并提出了优化收入分配,完善资本结构,促进平衡增长中劳均消费的政策建议。理论研究环节,本文以物质资本和人力资本的存量结构作为传导中介,在内生增长理论的MRW模型基础上,建立了收入分配影响平衡增长中劳均消费的理论分析框架,该分析框架主要包括了资本结构影响劳均消费的理论分析模型、收入分配促增居民部门资本结构的数理分析模型、收入分配影响劳均消费的单部门和两部门综合分析模型。得出的研究结论是:当政府主导部门宏观调节资本结构的积极作用较弱或不明显时,收入分配差距将通过影响非政府主导部门进而影响社会总体的实际资本结构趋近或偏离匹配资本结构,并促使平衡增长中的劳均消费呈现“倒U”变化。实证检验环节,在全面估算中国总体和典型区域实际资本结构和实际收入差距基础上,以有偏估计的岭回归方法计量了与平衡增长中劳均消费最大化相适应的匹配资本结构,建立计量模型估算了与匹配资本结构相适应的适度收入差距。得到的研究结论有:上世纪80年代以来,中国总体上适度收入差距基尼系数为0.3837,东中西部区域适度收入差距基尼系数分别为0.3135、0.3404和0.4061。中国当前总体上实际收入差距正向偏离了适度收入差距,从而推动实际资本结构正向偏离了匹配资本结构,对平衡增长中的劳均消费存在抑制作用。具体到各区域实际收入差距与适度收入差距的关系存在明显的地方差异。结合理论分析和实证检验结论,本文提出的政策建议主要包括:发挥政府主导和非政府主导两部门积极作用,强化人力资本投资优化资本结构;以适度收入差距为参照因地制宜推进总体和区域收入分配机制改革;促进政府主导部门职能转变,为适度收入差距改革拓展空间。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nearly 40 years of reform and opening, the economic growth in China gained the success that attract worldwide attention, at the same time, Structural imbalance problems affecting the sustainable development also appear gradually. Such as, the insufficient consumption in aggregate demand structure, the unbalanced capital structure in aggregate supply, the income gap enlarge in distribution structure, those problems are particularly prominent. Nowadays, How to release the reform dividend to promote the economic structure more balanced and achieve the new normal growth has recently drawn more and more attention from researchers. This paper studied the influence of income distribution on capital structure and consumption per unit of effective labor(CPEL) in balanced growth, and put forward the policy suggestion.In the part of fundamental research, based on the MRW model of endogenous growth theory with capital structure as the pathway, this paper established the analysis framework of income gap effecting CPEL in balanced growth. The framework mainly includes the theory model of capital structure influencing the CPEL in balanced growth, the mathematical analysis model of income gap effecting capital structure, the comprehensive analysis model of one sector and two sector of income distribution effecting CPEL in balanced growth. The author argues that when the positive role of macro adjustment of capital structure of government dominating department(GDD) is weak, the influence of income real gap affecting capital structure is powerful. Analysis on the whole, the income gap affects CPEL presents inverted “U” type change.In the part of empirical research, based on comprehensive estimation the capital real structure and the income real gap in Chinese overall and typical regional, this paper used the biased estimation of ridge regression method to measure the coordinated capital structure of maximization CPEL, and established model to calculate the moderate income gap which was consistent with the capital structure. The evidence suggests that the moderate Gini coefficient in China overall is 0.3837, and 0.3135, 0.3404, 0.3837 in Chinese eastern central and western regional respectively. The current income real gap in china overall is higer than moderate income gap and promotes the capital real structure positive deviates from coordinated capital structure, thus suppresses the CPEL in balanced growth. The author argues there are obvious regional differences in the relationship between income real gap and moderate income gap.The following policy suggestions are put forward in this paper, China should play the positive role of the GDD and society dominating department to strengthen the human capital investment and optimize the capital structure. The moderate income gap should be used as the goal to promote the regional reform of income distribution mechanism. Efforts will be made to quicken the transformation of GDD’s functions to expand the space for the reform of moderate income gap.更多还原