【作者】 李巍；

【导师】 宋昆；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 当前中国正经历着快速老龄化的深刻变革，在“未备先老”的现实国情下，传统家庭养老模式的日渐瓦解和社会养老资源的供需失衡使得老年人居住问题愈发严峻，如何保障老年人有尊严地安享晚年，并真正实现“住有所居”成为亟待解决的首要课题。老年人居住问题不是老年人自身的问题，而是一个社会的缩影。本文突破建筑科学领域以往从个体需求角度出发的物质空间形态研究的局限，从社会福利视角出发，自上而下地对城市老年人居住问题的根本动因、形成机制和解决路径进行系统性研究。论文首先对社会福利和老年人居住相关概念及理论作出归纳和辨析，对有代表性国家（地区）的福利模式特征、老年人居住政策沿革及建筑类型划分进行国际比较，梳理其在不同福利制度指导下差异化的应对策略和实践路径，归纳共通的发展趋势及经验成果。在理论结合实践的基础上，建立基于福利思想的城市老年人居住对策体系框架，明确各个要素间的必然联系及其作用形式。其后，分别从福利制度、政策法规、设计策略三个方面针对我国实际情况展开论述。在传统福利文化影响下，中国现代社会福利制度的“补残型”特征明显，养老主体定位不清是目前存在问题的制度根源。在“适度普惠型”福利改革背景下，本文厘清了老年人社会福利的基本思路，对家庭、国家、市场和非政府组织等养老主体重新定位；通过我国涉老政策法规的系统研读，在政策导向与建设实践间建立应有联系，明确我国政策导向的方向选择，并对起到直接推动作用的居住政策和包括养老保障、长期照护、以房养老等相关配套政策法规作出合理化建议；在设计策略方面，养老设施布局、道路交通、公共空间等规划要素是城市积极应对老龄化的重要内容。社区作为老年人居住生活的基本载体，应在明确老年社区规划基本原则下，对新建社区、既有社区更新及社区照护等方面加以综合考虑。通过对设施类型、设计标准、居住标准、运营方式的多角度分析，厘清现有规范中老年住宅的模糊定义，对老年人居住建筑的类型划分作出合理定位。最后，论文对解决我国城市老年人居住问题的对策建议作出归纳总结。该研究不仅弥补了我国老年人居住研究体系中宏观影响要素的缺失，而且为规划建筑领域的设计实践提供了切实的理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Today, China is undergoing profound changes of rapidly aging. In reality of thesituation of “not prepared to aging”, the traditional model of family pension isunravelli and the resource of social pension is imbalance between supply and demand,which bring about severe elderly dwelling problems. How to help elderly people toselect suitable pension mode in their old age with dignity and guarantee, as well asrealize “having a house to live” become the most important issue to be solved.The eldly dwelling problem is not old people’s problem of their own, but amicrocosm of society. This paper breakthrough architecture science’s researchlimitation which always focus on the individual demand perspective of material space.Based on the macro perspective of social welfate, I try to study on the fundamentalreason，formation mechanism and solution of universal problems which cities’s oldpeople have to face. Firstly, this paper summarize and analysis the related conceptsand theories of social welfare and elderly dwelling, and make internationalcomparison about the features of social welfare mode, elderly dwelling policychanges and building types between some representative countries and regions, combthe differentiation of their diverse coping strategies and practical path under thedifferent welfare system, summary international trends on the common experiencesand achievements. Based on the combination of theory and practice, I establish theelderly dwelling strategy framework according to welfare thought, and clarify theelement’s role and their internal relationship. Then, from three aspects, the welfaresyetem, policies and regulations and design strategy, this paper analyze and discussbased on Chinese actual situation. Under the influence of traditional welfare culture,Chinese modern social welfare system still show the feature of mending, which is thecurx of many pension problems. Along with the trend to development the “moderatePratt&Whitney pattern” social welfare, this paper clarifies the basic ideas of socialwelfare for the elderly, and relocate the pension subjects including government,family, marked and non-government organizations. Through systemic study of ourcountry’s elderly policies and regulations, I discriminate the macro trend of agingbusiness and industry, summarize the problems of existing elderly dwelling policiesaccording to development situation, and put forward reasonable suggestions aboutrelated policies which include endowment insurance, long-term care andhouse-for-pension scheme. In the design strategies, endowment facilities layout planning, road traffic and public space planning are the important factors of unbanplanning actively responding to aging. Due to community is the basic carrier ofelderly dwelling, we should make comprehensive consideration about newcommunity, original community renewal and community care based on the elderlycommunity planning principles.Through the multi angle analysis including the types of facilities, designstandards, dwelling standards and operating modes, the fuzzy definition of elderlyhousing is clarified and the categories of residential building for the aged are relocatedreasonably. Finally, this paper made a summary of the countermeasure andsuggestions to slove elderly dwelling problems in China’s cities and clarify the basicpoint view. This research not only impove the macro influence elements in Chineseelderly dwelling research system, but also provides a theoretical basis for design andpractice in planning construction field.更多还原