【作者】 李峰；

【导师】 石辉；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 环境科学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 细颗粒物（Fine particulate matte，PM2.5）由于其粒径小，因此容易通过呼吸系统进入机体并对健康造成不良的影响。体育场馆相对封闭的空间和较高的人员密度也使PM2.5在馆内具有高聚集性和慢扩散性的特征。PM2.5的暴露浓度、暴露时间、暴露频率、运动的持续时间、运动强度和运动量都直接与PM2.5在体内的累积量有关，而通过何种方式减缓PM2.5带来危害以及研究PM2.5浓度—机体反应之间的关系，可以为进一步认识PM2.5的环境健康效应提供试验依据。本研究主要采用气管滴注的方法，给予大鼠不同浓度PM2.5悬液进行染毒，研究运动过程中大鼠的行为学表现；采用酶联免疫法测定机体各组织抗氧化、免疫、糖代谢酶、内分泌及离子等指标变化，探究运动状态下PM2.5暴露-机体反应之间的关系；通过补充锌-金属硫蛋白（Zn-MT）及24小时自然恢复，研究二者对PM2.5毒性的拮抗效果。通过试验得到以下研究结果：（1）和与运动对照组（EC）相比，Zn-MT﹢运动组（ZE）组卒中指数和神经病学症状评分得分分别下降56%和3%，低剂量PM2.5（7.5mg·kg-1体重）﹢运动组（LPE）、中剂量PM2.5（15mg·kg-1体重）﹢运动组（MPE）和HPE高剂量PM2.5（30mg·kg-1体重）﹢运动组（HPE）组大鼠的卒中得分和神经学症状评分随着PM2.5浓度的增加而升高（增幅为3.1%~77.1%）；和LPE、MPE、HPE组相比，Zn-MT﹢低剂量PM2.5﹢运动组（ZLPE），Zn-MT﹢中剂量PM2.5﹢运动组(ZMPE)，Zn-MT﹢高剂量PM2.5﹢运动组（ZHPE）组卒中得分分别降低3%、24%、23%，神经学症状评分分别下降16%、7%、20%。（2）和安静组（QC）相比，EC组血清、肺、肺泡灌洗液（BALF）、心脏、肝脏组织抗氧化酶活性下降幅度为14%~43%，肾脏及股四头肌酶活性上升幅度为3%~58%，丙二醛（MDA）及活性氧升高幅度为6%~42%；ZE、运动对照恢复组（ER）、ZLPE、ZMPE、ZHPE组各抗氧化酶活性回升，自由基含量降低；LPE、MPE、HPE和EC组相比酶活性下降，而MDA及活性氧升高且成剂量相关反应，在24小时恢复后的各组与相应的单纯滴注组相比，不同组织中各组酶活性出现不同的变化，而自由基含量总体下降幅度为9%~45%。（3）和QC相比，EC组单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1（MIP-1）和超敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）及各细胞因子含量上升幅度为10%~25%，中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶（NE）和克拉拉细胞蛋白（CC16）降低；ZE和ER组MCP-1、MIP-1α、hsCRP及细胞因子降低；LPE、MPE、HPE组MCP-1、MIP-1α、细胞因子和hsCRP表现出剂量相关性升高，NE和CCl6则呈剂量相关性降低；ZLPE、ZMPE、ZHPE组MCP-1、MIP-1α、细胞因子和hsCRP均出现不同程度回落，而各组织中NE和CCl6上升百分比范围为9%~48%。（4）EC组和QC组相比，无氧代谢酶活性下降幅度为5%~85%，有氧代谢酶活性升高百分比范围为6%~44%；和EC组相比，ZE组乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）及有氧代谢酶下降，无氧代谢酶升高，LPE、MPE、HPE除LDH升高外，其它酶活性均下降且成剂量相关反应，补充Zn-MT后，各组无氧和有氧代谢酶回升而LDH下降。（5）EC组和QC组相比，Cu2+和Mg2+离子浓度降低百分比分别为43%和63%，而Ca2+、Na+、K+离子浓度升高的幅度分别为21%、40%、38%；不同剂量PM2.5对各离子浓度的影响表现出差异性，其中Cu2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+离子浓度随着PM2.5滴注浓度的增加而增加，呈现出剂量相关性，而Ca2+离子浓度表现出波浪形变化，即在LPE和MPE中下降，而HPE表现出升高。（6）和QC组相比，EC组睾酮（Testosterone，T）和游离睾酮（Free testosterone，FT）含量分别降低26%、9%，皮质醇（Cortisol，C）含量升高百分比为14%；与EC组相比，LPE，MPE，HPE组T和FT含量组随着滴注浓度的升高而呈相关性下降（下降幅度分别为10%~46%，51%~77%），而C含量升高幅度为23%~47%；补充Zn-MT后，T和FT含量表现出呈现出恢复性上升（上升百分比分别为2%~44%，11%~46%），而C下降百分比范围为6%~26%。本论文的主要创新点表现在：（1）研究了体育馆内PM2.5对运动大鼠行为及运动能力的影响，为运动环境—行为结果—机体反应关系评价提供了试验依据。（2）通过PM2.5暴露对血清、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、股四头肌氧化与抗氧化—免疫—内分泌—无机离子等多组织、多指标的研究，全面评价PM2.5对机体的影响应激—反应的机理。（3）研究自然恢复、Zn-MT补充对PM2.5和运动造成机体各组织损伤的拮抗效应，为探索减缓环境污染对人体健康危害的生物标记物和生物、物理手段提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to its small size and large surface area,the fine particulate matter (PM2.5)easily enter the body through the respiratory system and led to adverse effects to health.Sports stadiums play the important role for teaching and training, but it also easily leadto high aggregation and slow diffusion of PM2.5in the museum ’s because its relativelyclosed space and higher personnel density.the exposure concentrations, the duration ofPM2.5exposure and exercise duration, exercise intensity can affect the body’s responseto PM2.5. it can provide valuable reference for sports participants by study how tomitigate the adverse effect of PM2.5. Therefore, it can provide some reference for studythe relationship of dose-response and give exercise prescription by study the influenceafter exposed to different concentrations PM2.5. Based on the purpose of this study, wegave the different concentration PM2.5suspension to rats by intratracheal instillation,and probe the relationshipe among exercise-PM2.5exposure-the body’s reaction byobserve the behavior change of rats during exercise and test the changes of antioxidase,immune, carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, endocrine and ions by ELISA and flameatomic absorption spectrophotometry. The main results was following:(1) compared with the EC, stroke index and Neurology symptom scores weredropped56%and3%respectively in ZE group, but rised3.1%~77.1%with theexposure concentrations increased in the LPE, MPE and HPE group; ZLPE, ZMPE,ZHPE group stroke score lower16%,7%,20%respectively compare with the LPE,MPE and HPE group.(2) compared with the QC, the antioxidant enzymes activity of serum, lung tissue,BALF, heart and liver tissue was declined14%~43%in EC groups, the in kindey and quadriceps,the antioxidant enzymes activity were rised3%~58%, MDA and reactiveoxygen species increase6%~42%; in ZE, ER, ZLPE, ZMPE, ZHPE groups,the activityof antioxidant enzymes rise but free radicals down;the activity of antioxidant enzymesdecline in LPE, MPE, HPE compared with the EC group, but MDA and reactiveoxygen species increase and have dose-response relationship, compare with the controlgroup, the enzymes activity present rise or decline in the different organizations of24hours recovery group, but free radical levels decline9%~45%.(3) compared with control group, the MCP-1, MIP-1α, hsCRP and variouscytokines levels were elevated10%~25%, NE and CCl6lower in EC group butdecrease in ZE and ER group; MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, cytokines and hsCRP rise and NEand CCl6down and showed a higher dose-response relationship in LPE, MPE, HPEgroup, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, cytokines and hsCRP fell back in ZLPE ZMPE, ZHPEgroup, while NE and CCl6rise9%~48%.(4) the anaerobic metabolic enzyme reduced5%~85%but aerobic metabolismenzymes elevated6%~44%in EC group compare with QC; Converse changes wereobserved in ZE group and there were significant difference, except the LDH increases,the other enzymes are falling in LPE, MPE, HPE and have dose-response relationship,after give Zn-MT, all the enzymes rebound in anaerobic and aerobic enzymes but LDHdeclined.(5) the concentration of Cu2+and Mg2+decline43%and63%respectively butCa2+, Na+, K+ion concentration rise21%,40%,38%in EC group; Cu2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ion concentration increases with PM2.5doses increasing, it showing a dose dependency,but Ca ion concentration changes shows a wavy change that decline in the LPE andMPE, but showed up in HPE.(6) T and FT concentration decline26%and9%but C increases14%along withthe increase of the PM2.5exposure dose in EC compare with QC, in LPE, MPE, HPEgroup, the T and C were declined scope10%~46%,51%~77%, the C was rised23%~47%, after give Zn-MT, T and FT increased2%~44%and11%~46%respectively,and the C showed a decline trend about6%~26%.The main innovation of this thesis:(1) It provides an experimental basis for the relationship evaluation among the sports environment-behavioral outcomes-the body’s response by study the behaviorand sports ability after exposed to PM2.5.(2) This study can give some reference for the relationship between environmentalfactors and body systems by study the relationship of antioxidant-immune-endocrineafter exposed to PM2.5and Zn-MT supplement.(3) We try to give a comprehensive evaluation and provide some theoretical basis andmeasures for the mechanism of body stress-reaction through study the influence ofantioxidant-immune-endocrine-inorganic ions and other indicators on serum, heart,liver, kidney, brain, quadriceps by PM2.5exposure natural recovery, Zn-MT supplementand explore the biomarkers, biological and physical method for weaken the PM2.5damage tohealth.更多还原