【作者】 许薛军；

【导师】 张肖宁；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 结构工程， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 近年来，数字图像技术识别混凝土结构裂缝和双目视觉技术检测土木工程结构变形取得了实质性发展，使人们对道路工程构造物开裂与表面变形识别研究上升到了一个全新的境地。研究数字图像的混凝土结构裂缝与砌体结构表面变形识别技术，关键在方法上进行突破，改进传统的识别技术与模式，才能不断提升公路的安全保障水平，适应新型城镇化、现代化发展新要求。因此，“基于数字图像的道路工程构造物开裂与表面变形识别技术”的研究非常及时，很有必要，并且具有重大的现实意义。本论文针对数字图像的的道路工程构造物开裂与表面变形识别的关键技术及其工程化应用进行了较为系统的分析研究，改变了混凝土结构裂缝和砌体结构表面变形识别模式，实现了道路构造物安全检测手段与方法的突破与创新。取得了如下成果：（1）论文以钢筋混凝土桥梁为混凝土结构裂缝研究对象，分析了裂缝的类型、发展、以及裂缝评估方法；以公路边坡为砌体结构表面变形研究对象，研究了边坡的灾害类型、稳定性分析评价方法。在此基础上，论文提出了基于数字图像技术的道路工程构造物开裂与表面变形识别技术，并进行了全新的总结，完善了道路工程构造物监测系统的内涵；较为完备的给出了桥梁裂缝和公路边坡监测系统的设计要点、摄像机布置原则、数据采集和传输的软硬件技术，提出了“3个主体模块和3个功能模块”的软件系统构架。（2）论文系统研究了基于数字图像的钢筋混凝土桥梁裂缝检测技术，提出了Harris和SV结合的角点识别算法，能精确计算像素的物理尺寸；比较分析了图像预处理、图像滤波、边缘检测的有关算法，得出了用于桥梁裂缝检测的高精度、高效率算法。论文提出的基于数字图像的混凝土桥梁裂缝检测计算较准确，裂缝识别精度达0.1mm，可满足钢筋混凝土桥梁和B类预应力混凝土桥梁的裂缝检测要求。（3）论文提出了基于双目视觉技术的公路高危边坡表面变形监测方法，对双目视觉系统边坡表面变形监测的技术原理、系统软硬件集成、监测目标设置、摄像机的布设与图像采集、摄像机的位置和姿态参数计算等进行了研究。通过试验对比，基于双目视觉技术的公路边坡表面变形计算较准确，计算精度达1cm，可满足边坡变形监测的要求，为公路结构物信息化管理提供了较为丰富的基础数据，对提高公路安全运营水平具有重要的意义。（4）论文用Visual C＋＋6.0语言编制程序，按功能需求编制了基于数字图像技术的钢筋混凝土桥梁裂缝检测与公路边坡表面变形计算的可视化分析软件，介绍了系统的运行环境和软件的操作流程。该系统应用于G205国道改造示范工程（广东惠州段）重点路段的监控系统，进行桥梁裂缝检测和边坡表面变形监测。在以后的工作中，论文研究的关键技术仍应在实践中接受进一步的检验，其技术方法仍应在实践中得到进一步的丰富、完善和发展，以适应各种环境下的道路工程构造物开裂与表面变形识别计算。更多还原

【Abstract】 These years, exploration and research about the digital image comes to a newera while crack detection of concrete construction and deformation monitoringof slope surface are advanced rapidly. Only studying and applying the digitalimage technology about crack detection and deformation monitorin, making abreakthrough on the key issue, and improving traditional manner of bridge crackdetection and slope deformation monitoring can the safety confidence level oftraffic be increased more and more, sustaining development and spanningdevelopment of transportation be realized. Therefore, research on the keyinspection technology of concrete bridge crack and slope surface deformationbased on digital image is timely and necessary, and the reality significance ofthis research is great.The paper aims at the inspection of bridge crack and slope deformation in thepresent age, researches on several significant key techniques. The mode ofbridge crack detection and slope monitoring is has been changed, and asignificant breakthough and innovation of means and methds in process of thisresearch have been made.In this dissertation, several characters of concrete bridge crack and slopedeformation are presented, i.e. the crack type, the crack width, the crackevaluation, and the slope deformation type, the stability calculation and so on. Anew inspecting system of bridge crack and slope deformation with digital imagetechnique, which consists of “3main-body modules and3function modules”,and some significant actions such as system design, camera installation,and dataprocessing have been proposed based on the key technologies studied above.In process of crack detection of concrete bridge, some image processingalgorithms including gray processing of image, calculation of pixel rate, imagenoise filter, and edge detection of crack have been analyzed and evaluated forthe crack detection of concrete surface. The research results have indicated thatthis method can effectively detect the width of crack for reinforced concretebridges and the B type prestressed concrete bridges, and the accuracy of crackwidth reaches0.1mm with15cases of bridge video images.A non-contact monitoring technique based on binocular video cameras wasproposed to monitor highway steep slopes. This technique was aimed at the3Dword coordinate of object points on slope surface, according to cameraparameters and image coordinates of object points. Test result using a simulationslope was described. Six object points slided down100mm performed slopemonitoring with a better accuracy. The experiment results that the standard erroris less than3mm and the relative error is2.85%.A computer program was developed by visual C++6.0programming language to implement the technique studied above. The system will be applied to nationalhighway G205reconstruction engineering to inspect bridge cracks and slopedeformation in Huizhou city, which will lead the way the other national highwayreconstruction in China.In the subsequent work, the significant key technique and brand new inspectingsystem of bridge crack and slope deformation will still be undertaken test inpractice. The method should be enriched, perfected, and developed so as toaccommodate the inspecting of bridge crack and slope deformation to differentarea and different condition.更多还原