【作者】 张凯选；

【导师】 武文波；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 矿产资源的开采给人类和社会带来了巨大的经济效益和社会效益。阜新海州露天矿是国内甚至是世界上的特大型露天矿,但闭坑后仍然存在滑坡问题。本文主要通过对海州矿周边的地形因子、植被、气候及地表径流进行调查,并提出利用3S技术采集这些因素信息和滑坡数据,分析这些因素与滑坡的产生机理,并结合主成份分析法分析各种因素对滑坡的影响,分析各种因素在滑坡成因条件和结果中的比重,同时利用边坡监测技术实现对矿区的动态监测。主要研究内容如下：(1)矿区植被信息提取。对矿区周边的植被在不同年代、不同季节实地调查,并结合连续时间段的遥感影像,根据植被的光谱特征利用归一化差值植被指数结合ENVI软件计算不同时期露天矿植被覆盖情况,提取对滑坡影响的植被信息。(2)矿区气候因素分析。利用气象部门提供的气温和降水信息,制作海州矿区年平均气温变化曲线、降水量表。运用一次直线方程和二次曲线方程计算分析气温和降水的气候趋势对海州矿滑坡的影响。重点研究矿区不同季节环境下,气候因素对滑坡的影响,找出气候因素与滑坡变化的规律。(3)地表径流因素分析。通过气象部门和水利部门提供的资料,根据地表径流计算公式来计算海州露天矿区的年平均地表径流量。本次根据海州露天矿的实际情况,采用地表径流深与流域面积的乘积计算方法来计算地表径流量。根据计算结果分析对滑坡的影响。(4)地形因子研究。根据海州矿区大比例尺地形图提取矿区地形因子,这里主要提取坡度和坡向信息参数。这些参数能具体反映矿区地表状况,通过调查并分析其与矿区滑坡发生的关系,找出地形因子对矿区滑坡的影响,并分析地形因子与滑坡发生的内在联系。(5)影响滑坡灾害的因素分析。通过前期调查和提取的气候、植被、地表径流、地形因子的信息,利用主成份分析法分析各种因素对滑坡灾害的贡献率,指出各种因素对滑坡影响的大小。(6)边坡监测技术和滑坡治理方案。通过3S的手段实现对海州露天矿区及其周边环境的动态监测,根据实时的监测数据客观反映边坡的变化情况,并根据矿区的实际情况来制定合理的治理方案来防止灾害的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 The exploitation of mineral resources has brought enormous economic and social benefits to mankind and society. Fuxin Haizhou open-pit coal mine is a large open-pit mine in China and even in the world, However,there are still problems like landslide. This paper mainly investigated the Haizhou mine and the surrounding topography, vegetation, climate and surface runoff,used3S techonology to acquire these factors and landslide data, analysed the generation mechanism of these factors to landslide, combined with principal component analysis method to analyze the influence of various factors on landslide and the proportion of these factors to the formation and result of landslide, used the slope monitoring technology to realize the dynamic monitoring of the mine. The main research contents are as follows:(1) The vegetation information extraction in mining area. In the field investigation of surrounding vegetation in different times and different seasons,combined with remote sensing image with continuous time,based on the vegetation spectral characteristics,using the normalized difference vegetation index, got the calculation of open-pit mine vegetation coverage in different period with ENVI software,extracted the vegetation information of landslide impact.(2)Analysis of climate factors in mining area.Information of Temperature, hail and rain provided by the meteorological department of Haizhou mining area, making the annual average temperature change curve, precipitation scale and Hail Distribution table. Calculation and analysis of the effects of climate trends of temperature and precipitation, hail to Haizhou mine landslide using a linear equation and the two curve equation.This research focuses on the effects of climatic factors on landslide in different seasons, find out the changes law of climate factors and the landslide.(3) Surface runoff factor analysis.Via materials provided by the meteorological department and the Department of water resources and according to the surface runoff calculation formula to calculate the Haizhou open-pit mine average annual surface runoff.according to the actual situation of Haizhou open-pit mine,this thesis got the surface runoff by the depth of surface runoff and the product of the drainage area.then make use of the runoff to analyse the influence to landslide.(4) Study on the terrain factor. According to the Haizhou mining area of large scale topographic map, the thesis extracted the mining area terrain factor, and this thesis mainly extracted the parameters of slope and aspect.These parameters can reflect mine surface condition, through the investigation and analysis of the landslide occurrence and mining area, this thesis found out the influence of topography on the mine slope, and analysed the intrinsic link of topographical factors and landslide occurrence.(5) Analysis of influenced factors of landslide disaster. Through the preliminary investigation and information extraction of climate, vegetation, surface runoff, topographic factors, using principal components to analyse the contribution of various factors on landslide hazard rate,this thesis pointed out how much influence of various factors to landslide.(6) The side slope monitoring technology and management program, this thesis realized dynamic monitoring in Haizhou opencast coal mine and its surrounding environment by using3S method, according to the monitoring data in real time to reflect changes in the side slope, and according to the actual situation of mine to make rational treatment scheme to prevent disaster.更多还原