【作者】 娄天峰；

【导师】 佘廉；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 公共安全预警与应急管理， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 应急救援能力是衡量高速公路应急救援能否做到快速处置、应急有方、高效协作、持续救援,以最大程度的减少经济和社会损失,保证公民的生命安全、资源完整性与有效性的重要指标。高速公路突发事件与灾害如果不能得到及时的应急处置,往往会发展成一定范围与程度上的公共危机,需要有力的高速公路突发事件应急救援能力作为支撑。提高高速公路突发事件应急救援能力的途径主要有三种：一是通过完善硬件设施、提高技术水平来改善,第二种途径是加强“软件”——高速公路管理来实现,第三种是软硬结合的方法。智能运输系统对高速公路应急救援的促进作用逐步凸显,作为一种软硬结合的智能交通控制平台和管理方法,对加强高速公路应急救援能力具有得天独厚的优势。运用ITS怎么增强高速公路突发事件发生后的应急救援能力?提升哪些方面的能力?目前尚未有学者进行系统研究。因此,围绕高速公路突发事件应急救援能力的提升机理、路径和策略等问题开展研究,有突出的现实和理论意义。本论文以应急管理思想为指导,综合运用灾害学、道路安全工程科学、ITS、应急管理与救援、和公共管理等理论和技术,以高速公路应急救援能力为研究对象,对基于ITS背景下高速公路应急救援能力的提升机理、路径和策略等问题开展多学科的交叉研究。论文对相关学科理论进行了梳理,研究了高速公路突发事件的应急救援需求特性,对比美欧发达国家高速公路应急救援能力建设的先进经验和国内高速公路突发事件应急救援实际状况,剖析了我国高速公路这一特定能力的缺陷,论证了提升该能力的重要性；然后,以公共管理视角研究高速公路非常规应急情境下的应急救援问题的迫切性,解析了高速公路应急救援能力的内涵、特征和要求,提出了高速公路应急救援能力“四维”结构理论框架,这四个维度分别是灾害维、过程维、要素维和管理维,重点从过程维度讨论了高速公路应急救援能力构成模型。接下来,论文分析了高速公路应急援救能力成长的三种路径,分析了ITS技术和功能对高速公路运营管理和应急援救的拓展,从不同维度提出了ITS对高速公路应急救援能力的提升机理。之后,分析了我国基于智能运输系统的智能高速公路管理体系的建设现状,从公共管理视角提出了该系统的架构和功能。最后,论文基于管理变革和要素重构这两个角度提出了高速公路应急救援能力的提升策略,运用实例进行了描述。本文由四个部分组成,从八个章节来展现。分别是：第1部分(第一章),为问题的提出,结合现实背景和问题探讨了论文写作的理论意义、现实意义。第Ⅱ部分(包括第二～第五章)为分析问题。第二章为提升高速公路突发事件应急救援能力的理论基础,对本论文相关的基本理论进行了介绍;第三章研究了高速公路突发事件的应急救援需求特性,指出了提升高速公路突发事件应急救援能力的实践动因；第四章对高速公路突发事件应急救援能力的概念进行了全新诠释,提出了高速公路突发事件应急救援能力的“四维”要素结构模型；第五章分析了ITS系统在高速公路突发事件应急救援能力成长中的拓展机理。第Ⅲ部分(第六章、第七章)为解决问题部分。第六章基于智能交通运输系统和如何提高升华能力的角度,对应急救援系统进行了框架性的构建；第七章提出了高速公路应急救援能力的提升策略。第Ⅳ部分为结论,系第八章,对论文主要结论、观点、不足之处进行了提炼,对论文进一步的研究工作进行了思考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The capability of emergency rescue is the key index to measure whether quick disposal, efficient cooperation, continuous rescue can be achieved or not during the process of highway emergency rescue. If highway emergencies and disasters couldn’t be rescued in time, they would develop to be public crisis in some extend and area must be supported by great capacity of highway emergency rescue. There are three approaches to solve this question, the first solution is "software "method, to improve traffic capacity through facilities construction&technique improvement; and a second solution is "hardware" method, to improve traffic control management, the finnan is the combination of the former methods. As a kind of comprehensive controlling platform and management method of intellligent traffic, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) gradually highlight more and more important position in the position of highway emergency rescue, have an un-replaceable advantage to improve emergency rescue capability. What highway emergency rescue capability can ITS really improve? How to improve this capability? So far there are no systematic theories and practices in expressway emergency rescue capability. The study on this area needs to be executed owing to strong practical and theoretical significance.With the instruction of emergency science, regarding the highway emergency capability as the research subject, this paper uses the theories about calamity, transportation safety science, ITS, and social manage comprehensively, to study on highway emergency rescue capability. It conducts a multi-disciplinary cross research on how to improve highway emergency rescue capability based on ITS.Firstly, it referred correlative basic theories. Secondly, the demanding characteristics of expressway emergency rescue (EER in short) were analyzed; the shortcoming of expressway emergency rescue capacity (EERC in short) in China was confirmed by comparison between our current situation and problems of EER system and those in developed foreign countries. It analyzed the demanding structure to enhance EERCs of expressway incidents according to four-dimensional framework of EERCs. Thirdly, with the angle of public management, it discussed the impendence of emergency rescue under the unconventionality emergency circumstance of expressway, explained the conception, features&requirement of EERCs, and put forward the4-dimension (types of disaster, the process of emergency rescue, the capability elements, and the management elements) structure model of EERCs, especially it constructed the structure model of EERC from the process dimension. Fourthly, it analyzes the mechanism of the ITS by the numbers to enhance the EERCs by three kinds of path, analyzed how the key technologies and functions of ITS help to enhance the operating system and emergency rescue system, respectively from four dimensions. Fifthly, it constructed the EER system framework; putted forward the components in the system and their functions, in viewing of the present highway management system applying ITS from the viewing angle of public management. Finally, from the angle of management changing&element reconstructing, the countermeasures to improve EERCs were put forward. Three examples were used to describe how ITS were applied in China expressway.There are four part, eights chapters in all. The first part Putting Forward Questions consisted by Chapter1, manifests the background and significance of theory and realism. The second part Analyzing Questions consisted by Chapter2-5. Chapter2was the theory basis; Chapter3analyzed the demanding characters of EERC and the practice motivation of improving it; Chapter4interpreted the conception of EERC, constructed the4-dimension structure model of it; Chapter5analyzes the mechanism of how ITS help to enhance the EERCss. The thirdly part Solving Questions consisted by Chapter6and7. Chapter6constructed the EERsystem framework; Chapter7proposed the countermeasures to enhance the expressway emergency rescue capabilities. The fourthly part Conclusion consisted by Chapter8, it summarized the research content, abstracted innovation points, prospected the future research work.更多还原