【作者】 赵玲；

【导师】 萧国政；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 二十一世纪以后的学者开始对移动事件进行了专项性对比研究,但从英语出发进行英汉对比,他们的解释在英语的局限下从功能的角度进行浅显的分析,并没有充分地运用汉语或英语的现有研究成果。本文是以“词群-词位变体”和“语义基元结构”两种理论为基础,构建了汉英定向类移动事件集群系统,并且就其内部的语义构成成分和彼此子集之间的联系进行了全面的考察和解释。全文共分成五个章节,其主要的内容简述如下：第一章绪论是本文的开篇之章,主要交代了选题缘由、国内外的研究状况、研究思路、研究范围、研究的技术实现、研究目标以及研究意义,并且对语料、文中术语进行了规范。本章的目的是点明论文的独创之处,即定性又定量地分析对比定向移动事件集群,探讨在事件结构框架下,以“基元结构”理念以及“词群一词位变体”理论构建的某类汉英移动事件结构下集群中心元素与周边元素的关联理据,系统地分析汉英移动事件集群的事件要素、系联机理以及子集与子集之间、以及群内的各个变体之间的不同关系,将事件扩展到“词”级别之上,寻求篇章理解的基础。第二章主要探讨了跨语言定向移动事件集群的框架基础。定向移动事件集群是在定向移动事件结构框架下,沿用萧国政先生的“基元结构”的相关理念(2011)以及“词群一词位变体”理论(2007)建构的,并以狭义移动动词观为统领规则,在事件框架下就某一小类进行微观汉英差异对比.本章对汉英移动事件集群词元进行了考察,最终,基于“移动”这个区别性语义特征和“方向”这个空间属性,严格选词范围,选出定向移动事件集群中的所有定向移动类动词一共有103个词元,英语对应集群有48个词元,并将词元幻化成几何图示,按照空间维度绘出汉英定向移动事件集群层级图。第三章拟建了汉语定向移动事件集群。语言表示与经验直接相关,汉语是表意文字,一个词语集群代表了一个经验的分类,即词汇的范畴化。汉语纵向类移动集群词元的方向都是与地面水平面成一定角度的,比较而言,是一种相对费力的生活体验,因此“横向”类有61个词元的数目,而有35个词元的“纵向”类就显得少得多,在直线类如此庞大词元的基础之上,曲线类集群起了完善整个定向移动事件集群的作用,所以只有相对更少的7个成员。定向移动事件集群成员分布的极不对称与人类的生活直接经验密切相关,这正是直接经验在语言系统的投射。第四章英语对应集群。汉语和英语虽然属于不同语言系统,两种语言空间的符号也不同,但语言概念符号体系是同一的,这样不同的语言才可进行交流。英语是典型的卫星框架语言,用介词或副词作为移动路径,汉语则糅合了卫星框架语言和动词框架语言的特点,既可以用动词,也可以用介词或副词作移动路径。将汉语的移动事件集群及其英语对应集群进行事件结构对比,在同样表示“带方向移动”的语义时,英语对应集群共有48个词元,其数目明显要少于汉语定向类移动事件集群词元的数目,移动事件概念基元结构投射到汉语与英语两种不同语言的句法框架上,是存在一定差异的,汉语的引导词比英语多,处所词的位置更加多变,在移动主体后置的情况下,汉语移动事件的句法结构形式比其英语对应集群事件的句法结构形式要丰富得多。当不需要出现终点时,英语定向类对应集群词元通常用副词或零形式表示路径。但是英语对应集群中的某些词元可以直接用于致使移动,汉语定向类移动事件要素却需要借助一定的语法手段才能得以句法实现。第五章是结论部分。不仅概述了全文的创新点和相关结论,而且指出了本研究中的深度和广度的几点不足之处,并强调了下一步研究工作的重点。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cognitive components of motion event structure are universal, but they are not expressed in the same way in all languages. Directional motion event was commonly studied by many researchers. When it comes to cross-linguistic perspective, the type expressing motion event was often not discussed in detail. They are basically attached to some other grammatical studies. Since21st century, scholars started to study different verbs from their function. We have found out an effective way to compose a modern Chinese motion event cluster and their English equivalents that are built on the Synset-Allolexeme Theory and Semantic Primitive Structure, so that we can investigate thoroughly and explain the internal conceptual structure of this relatively complete system. The whole dissertation constructs the following five parts:Part One is the first chapter which introduces the background and the significance of this topic. We not only analyze the previous studies but also summarize the main research of every stage. At the end of this part, we mention the tend of this research and the language data and standard used here.Part Two is the second chapter we set ourselves the ambitious target of constructing conceptual system of Chinese and English directional motion event clusters. At first we propose "Synset-Allolexeme" is the foundation of semantic system, and point out that primitive structure is a kind of conceptual structure. When people are trying to understand some words, they actually comprehend the deep concept structure of those words. The semantic concept structure is the basis of a synset which is described by basic lexeme and allolexeme. Based on the semantic primitives, motion event clusters are the sets of three appositional clusters and their allolexemes. All the members of motion event cluster are divided into three categories according to their semantic concept:Basic Category, Directional Category, and Manner Category. We may use "yi" to represent the gene concept of Chinese motion event cluster. An English equivalents event cluster is constructed after the Chinese motion event cluster,.Part Three is the third chapter that discusses the Chinese directional motion event cluster is a kind with some directional characteristics which reflects various natures of motion actions. In our research, Chinese motion event cluster includes two different subcategories:one is Type Straight Course; the other is Type Curving Course. Each anamorphose is composed of smaller types and can be described by12semantic features. Semantic primitive structures and examples are listed together to interpret each allolexeme.Part Four is the fourth chapter investigates English equivalent cluster qualitatively and quantitatively. The same as Chinese motion event cluster, the English equivalent cluster includes many members. After we analyze this type, two different anamorphoses are given:one is Type Straight Course; the other is Type Curving Course. Each anamorphose of smaller types has its own primitive structure by some features extracting from12event elements and is illustrated with particular sentences. Those English equivalent clusters are compared with Chinese motion event clusters based on event primitives. Part Five is the last chapter which draws a safe conclusion. The main theme of this part is to present creative points and the conclusion of this study. There is still much debate on this research showing that the future work is needed.更多还原