【作者】 黄璐；

【导师】 吴湘玲；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 行政管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 女性问题伴随着人类社会的诞生而产生,尽管女性的社会地位经历了较长历史时段而有所改变,但其生活质量的改进还存在一定的瓶颈。随着社会、经济的发展,诸如两性社会关系及地位等问题还尚未完全解决,女性生活质量的新问题又不断产生,这在发展日新月异的城市中体现得尤为明显。以往对女性生活质量的研究多是站在社会学的角度,从这一社会群体的基本状况出发,分析其生活质量的表象和问题。本文将从这一角度来挖掘女性问题及现象,但在深入分析现象和问题时还将采用制度的视角,即采用制度分析的工具,将社会制度作为导致女性生活质量问题的根源。这种视角的选择决定了本研究的切入点,即更多的从政府这一主要制度供给主体的角度出发,来探讨如何通过政府管理、制度改造与创新来解决各种女性问题,以提升女性生活质量。为了实现这一目的,本文回顾了女性研究的相关文献,结合制度供给的相关理论,提出了女性生活质量的三维制度供给分析框架,具体包含制度供给与公共政策、制度供给有效性以及制度均衡三个不同的维度。在这一框架中,制度供给和公共政策对女性生活质量产生直接影响,除了探讨政府这一制度供给主体的作用以及其他非正式的供给主体的功能,还探讨了两者的关系以及相互配合共同对女性生活质量产生作用的可能性；制度供给的有效性是关于制度对女性生活质量改进的形式和实质效果的问题,重点探讨两种有效性对生活质量的影响以及相互关系,此外还分析了有效性改进的可能和空间；制度均衡则是在研究制度需求和供给模型的基础上,探讨女性生活质量改进所需的制度同政府制度供给主体之间的关系,同时这一维度的分析也有利于本文明晰采取何种方式的制度供给形式持久而有效的提升女性生活质量。为了印证研究框架,本文选取了武汉市女性作研究对象。通过对其生活现状的描述以及制度需求和供给状况的分析,试图给出相应的对策建议,以提升其生活质量。在具体的结构上,本文的安排如下：导论部分主要阐述问题研究的缘起与意义,并对国内外关于女性生活质量的研究现状进行了综述。此外还阐明了全文的基本逻辑框架和创新点。第一章为理论基础和分析框架构建。本文认为制度影响女性生活质量问题的根源主要在于制度需求和供给没有实现均衡。但在探讨这一问题之前,还需对制度供给理论的相关定义进行界定。在此基础之上,本文提出了女性生活质量的三维制度供给分析框架。第二章是一个实证分析章节,对武汉市女性生活质量及其制度供给现状进行了描述和分析。在此之前,结合很多关于女性生活质量指标的研究,本文提出了一套指标体系,其设立和划分标准为城市女性生活所包含主要方面和内容。在此基础之上,本研究设计了调查问卷并对武汉市各个城区的女性进行了随机抽样,通过主成分因子分析考察武汉市女性的制度需求状况。此外,本章还对目前武汉市女性生活质量的相关制度供给状况进行了描述。第三章为武汉市女性生活质量及制度供给问题与原因分析。前一章的实证分析旨在给出女性的制度需求,通过比对目前的制度供给状况,可以发现要实现两者的均衡还存在哪些差距和问题。结合本研究提出的三维分析框架,本章还重点分析了导致这种非均衡的原因：(1)非正式制度影响；(2)制度演变动力机制；(3)供给主体的动力机制；(4)区域差异性与均衡供给。第四章为对策建议部分。针对前一章的结论,在吸收借鉴国外发达国家相关制度供给经验的基础上,对目前武汉市女性生活质量制度供给机制从三维分析框架进行了设计与再造,具体包括：(1)完善制度供给主体,设立具有行政职能的女性办公机构,并鼓励各种女性社团组织通过制定远期战略规划有目的的推行各项公共政策；(2)在强化形式有效性的前提下,对各种法律进行具体化、标准化,以提升实质有效性；(3)建立健全女性制度需求诉求表达渠道和机制,鼓励女性积极参与公共事务,在不同区域内实现差异化的制度供给。此外,本研究还从生活和工作两个方面提出了改进武汉市女性生活质量的具体举措。结论则是对全文进行总结和概括。更多还原

【Abstract】 Women’s issue is accompanied by the birth of human society. There is still certain bottleneck in the improvement in women’s life quality, despite women’s social status has changed after a long historical period. With social and economic development, such old problems as gender social relation and gender status still remain unresolved, while new problems of women’s life quality ceaselessly arise again, especially in the city developing rapidly. The former researches on women’s life quality were mostly carried out from the sociological angle, to analyze the social problems and phenomena of women’s life quality on the basis of their basic conditions. The above perspective is adopted in the paper to probe into the female problems and phenomena, but an institutional perspective needs to be applied, namely, the institutional analysis tool is used and the social institutions are regarded as the causes for these problems of women’s life quality. The choice of this perspective determines its corresponding study approach, that is, to discuss how to solve women’s issues and improve their life quality by means of governmental management, institutional reform and innovation, more from the angle of government as the main role of institutional supply.In order to achieve this objective, the relevant literature of researches on female life is reviewed, some institutional supply theories are applied, and a three-dimensional analysis framework of institutional supply is advanced. This framework includes three different dimensions, that is, institutional supply and public policy, effectiveness of institutional supply, and institutional proportion. Firstly, in this framework, institutional supply and public policy has a direct influence on women’s life quality. The role of government as an institutional supply subject and the functions of other informal supply subjects are discussed. Furthermore, the relationship between the two and the possibility of having an effect upon women’s life quality when they cooperate are analyzed. Secondly, the effectiveness of institutional supply is an issue of the institutional form which is taken to improve women’s life quality, and of the substantive effect of the improvement. The paper focuses on the influence that the two kinds of effectiveness have over the life quality, and the mutual relation between the two. In addition, the possibility and room for its improvement is analyzed as well. Lastly, institutional proportion is about the relationship between government as an institutional supply subject and those institutions which can improve women’s life quality, on the basis of institutional requirements and supply models. Likewise, the analysis also helps us choose the correct form of institutional supply to consistently and effectively improve women’s life quality.To prove this framework, women in Wuhan city are selected as the study object. By describing their living conditions and studying the situation of institutional demand and supply, some constructive suggestions are made to improve women’s life quality. The details of this framework are as follows:PrefaceThis part briefly introduces the origin and significance of this research, reviews the current researches on the study of women’s life quality domestically and overseas, and expounds the logical frame and innovations.Chapter ⅠThis part introduces the theoretical basis and analysis framework. The paper confirms that the disproportion between institutional supply and need is the root of the issue that the institutions definitely influence women’s life quality. Before discussing this issue, the relative definitions of institutional supply theory need to be made. Then the three-dimensional analysis framework of institutional supply is presented in this part.Chapter ⅡEmpirical analysis is advanced in this part to describe and study Wuhan women’s life quality and institutional supply conditions. Before that, a series of index systems were presented which include every aspect of women’s life. Then a survey questionnaire was designed to collect relative information and analyze the situation of Wuhan women’s institutional demand by using the method of principal components analysis (PCA). In addition, the institutional supply conditions of Wuhan women’s life quality are described in this chapter.Chapter ⅢIn this part the existing problems and causes of Wuhan women’s life quality are investigated. The empirical analysis in the previous chapter brings forward women’s institutional demands, but there are differences and problems to realize the proportion between supply and demand by analyzing the present institutional supply conditions. Moreover, the causes of disproportion are especially analyzed by considering the three-dimensional analysis framework:(1) influence of informal institutions;(2) dynamic mechanism of institutional transition;(3) dynamic mechanism of supply subject;(4) district differential and proportioned supply.Chapter ⅣSuggestions are put forward in this part. By studying the institutional supply conditions in foreign developed countries, the institutional supply system of Wuhan women’s life quality is redesigned and reestablished on the basis of the three-dimensional analysis framework. The specific suggestions are as follows:(1) to perfect the institutional supply subject, establish a female administrative office in government and encourage those female community organizations to purposefully implement various public policies by drawing up long-term strategic plans;(2) to concrete and standardize the laws and regulations in the context of strengthening effective modality;(3) to establish and optimize a sound system of channels and mechanisms to express women’s institutional demands, encourage women to actively participate in the public affairs, and achieve differential institutional supply in different districts. Furthermore, some specific measures are proposed to improve women’s life quality from two aspects of living and work.ConclusionThe conclusions of the paper are drawn in this part.更多还原