三维数字化建模理论及技术在个旧塘子凹锡矿的应用研究

【作者】 叶加冕；

【导师】 秦德先；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 在21世纪矿业全球化竞争的背景下,充分利用以计算机和信息技术为代表的新兴技术,提高我国矿产业的资源勘查、开发、加工利用和管理水平,已成为解决我国日益严重的资源瓶颈问题、提高矿产资源开发利用效率和效益、确保矿业可持续发展的必由之路。数字矿山是矿山企业将信息化技术创新与管理创新相结合的集成创新模式。矿山的生产活动基于真三维的动态地质环境和工程环境,全部矿山活动均在真三维地质和工程环境中进行,因此,数字矿山必须以三维数字化建模理论和可视化技术为基础,系统构建矿山三维地质模拟和矿山工程模拟的可视化平台。基于此,本文重点开展了三维地质模拟、资源与开采环境评价、储量及生产矿量动态管理的研究。论文主要工作成果如下：1、全面分析了矿床(山)三维数字化建模的技术现状、发展趋势以及研究中存在的问题;2、在充分研究数字高程模型优化算法、线框建模算法以及地质体剖分算法的基础上,实现了地表模型、线框模型的构建以及六面体、四面体剖分；3、讨论了趋势面法、距离幂次反比法、变异函数计算法、克立格估值法和块段模型的建模方法,通过合理的估值结构设置,如搜索工程数与搜索半径设置,实现了基于地质统计学计算结果的储量分级；4、在数字化建模理论研究的基础上,提出了三维数字化建模平台架构；5、分析了个旧塘子凹矿床的地质特征,建立了塘子凹矿床的地表模型、断层线框模型、矿体线框模型和块段模型,并针对复杂地质体和开挖工程建模中出现的三维空间中因地质断层或工程切割影响而导致的模型与实际情况不完全吻合的问题,研究了一种地质实体延伸、布尔运算切割多余实体的建模技术。6、研究了应用径向基函数神经网络进行矿床品位估值的具体方法,并开发了相应的计算机程序,使用实际钻孔数据构建了品位预测模型；7、在矿床三维数字化建模的基础上,基于可视化技术实现了储量的动态管理、生产(三级)矿量动态管理、采掘计划编制以及采空区和矿柱的三维建模；8、针对32-3矿体实际,借助于DIMINE软件三维可视化建模功能和3D-σ软件力学分析功能,在真三维状态下确定了开采矿体的采矿方法初选方案和相应结构参数,建立了采矿方法采准、切割工程三维实体,进行了采矿各环节工程量的统计,完成了采矿各项技术经济指标的计算,最终得出了采矿方法优化方案；本论文研究所建立的个旧塘子凹矿床三维可视化地质数学模型,一方面有利于该公司地质工程师改革传统的地质工作模式,极大地提高矿山地质工作效率,及时、准确、快捷地完成矿体圈定、储量计算和升级动态管理等工作,为企业全面开展矿产资源评价提供了完整的数据平台；另一方面则有利于采矿工程师基于三维可视化平台进行采矿工程设计、方案优化选择、生产矿量动态管理、生产计划编制及过程模拟等工作,并快速生成实际生产所需的工程图件和技术图表。本文的研究成果对国内类似矿床(山)开展三维数字化建模、推进数字矿山建设、提高企业技术和管理水平都具有十分重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of global competition in the 21st century, a full use of emerging technologies such as computer and information technology to improve resources exploration, development, processing and utilization and management in mining industry has become the only way to solve the bottleneck problems of resources in China and to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the development and utilization of mineral resources for a sustainable development of mining industry.Digital mine is an integrated innovation model combined by information technology and management innovation. Mine production activities are based on real 3D dynamic geological environment and engineering environment, and all mining activities are carried out in the real 3D geological and engineering environment. Therefore, a visualization platform of 3D geological and engineering simulation should be built systematically for digital mines on the basis of 3D digital modeling theory and visualization technology. To this end, the paper focused its studies on 3D geological simulation, resources and mining environmental assessment and dynamic management of ore reserves and production. The main work and achievements are as follows:1. Comprehensively analyzed the status quo, development trends and problems existed in 3D digital modeling of mineral deposit or mine.2. Achieved the construction of surface model, wireframe model and the subdivision of hexahedron and tetrahedron after full studies on the algorithms of Digital Elevation Model, Wireframe Modeling and Geological Subdivision.3. Discussed such fields as trend surface analysis, distance power inverse ratio method, variogram calculation method, Kriging method and the modeling of block models; achieved reserves classification based on geostatistical results with reasonable valuation structure settings, such as settings of project-number searching and radius searching.4. Proposed a framework for 3D digital modeling platform.5. Built the deposit surface model, fault wireframe model and orebody wireframe model through analysis of the geological features of Tangziwa deposit in Gejiu; and worked out a modeling technique that was fully consistent in space with geological entity extension and Boolean operations to cut redundant entities.6. Studied methods of using radial basis function neural network to valuate deposit grade and developed a corresponding computer program. A grade prediction model was built according to the actual drilling data.7. Achieved the dynamic management of reserves and three grade ore reserves, the preparation of excavation progress planning and the 3D modeling of gob and ore pillar based on visualization technology and 3D digital modeling of deposit. 8. From the actual Tangziwa 32-3 ore body, determined the primary mining methods for ore mining and corresponding structural parameters under real 3D conditions by using DIMINE 3D visual modeling software and 3D-σmechanical analysis software. And after establishing the 3D solid of quasi mining and cutting works, gathering statistics of quantities of all aspects of mining and calculating various technical and economic indicators, finally worked out an optimized mining program.The 3D visual geological-mathematical model built in Tangziwa Deposit in Gejiu during this research is, on one hand, helpful for the geological engineers to reform the traditional mode of geological work and improve the efficiency and accuracy to achieve a timely and accurate ore body delineation, reserves calculation and upgrade dynamic management, which offers a complete data platform for the enterprises to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of mineral resources, on the other hand, facilitates the work of mining engineering design, project optimization, production ore dynamic management, production planning and simulation, which can quickly generates the engineering maps and technical diagrams required by the actual production. The research findings are of great significance for the enterprises with similar deposits (hills) to carry out 3D digital modeling, promote the construction of digital mines and enhance the level of technology and management.更多还原