【作者】 刘晓东；

【导师】 魏存成；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 考古学及博物馆学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 靺鞨是南北朝～隋唐时期生活在我国东北地区的重要民族，主要活动于今吉林、黑龙江东部及俄罗斯远东、滨海地区。靺鞨民族及其后裔对中国、东北亚地区的历史产生了重要的影响，所以关于靺鞨民族各个领域的探索对我国民族史、东北亚历史及东北古代疆域的研究有着十分深远的意义。关于靺鞨，我国古代文献累有记载，但多要言大意，也造成了靺鞨民族的许多情况但凭文献研究无法分辨。考古学是以物质遗存为对象的历史研究视角，考古学的发展，为靺鞨民族研究提供了新手段。本文试图结合文献对靺鞨民族历史状况及时空分布的相关记载及以往学界的研究成果，对靺鞨时空分布区内的考古学文化进行甄别，辨识和界定靺鞨考古学文化遗存，并对之进行分析,以期厘清考古学意义上的“靺鞨文化”。并从考古学视角，审视靺鞨民族的起源、与周边地区关系及历史发展进程。全文分为6章：第1章为“绪论”。通过相关文献的解读和分析，总结靺鞨民族发展进程及民族活动时空范围和变化。回顾学界对靺鞨文化研究。阐述本文的研究目的、对象和方法。第2章为“靺鞨文化的考古学遗存”。依据文献对靺鞨民族的记载，从理论上判定靺鞨考古学文化遗存的时空分布区。对靺鞨文化时空分布区内的考古学文化遗存进行甄别，辨识靺鞨文化的考古学遗存，总结靺鞨考古学文化遗存的特点。整理靺鞨考古学文化遗存的发现，介绍靺鞨各考古学文化遗存面貌。第3章为“靺鞨考古学文化的区系类型研究”。以陶器为线索，对靺鞨文化遗存进行分析。首先，对遗存中的陶器进行差异观察和类型学分析。其次，依据遗迹叠压打破及遗物共出关系，对有明确早晚关系的遗存中陶器进行观察，认识各类型陶器不同时段的形态差异，据此对单个遗址进行遗存分期。同时通过不同时期遗存中陶器形态特点，对各类型陶器的演变规律进行总结。进而，依据陶器演变规律，将遗存中陶器按类型进行早晚关系的排序，建立靺鞨遗存中陶器的编年序列。并依据陶器的类型学关系，将整个靺鞨遗存有机的联系起来，对靺鞨文化考古学遗存进行整体分期。根据各类型陶器代表不同编年的形态在各遗存中的分布，将靺鞨考古学文化遗存划分为4期9段，建立靺鞨文化考古学遗存的时间坐标。最后，依据陶器组合差异及同一时期不同区域同型陶器形态及装饰风格区别将靺鞨考古学文化遗存划分为8个地方类型，并对各地方类型的分布、陶器面貌及类型间差异进行了总结。第4章为“靺鞨其他考古学文化因素观察”。在靺鞨考古学文化分期及地方类型构成的时空框架内，对靺鞨考古学文化遗存中的城址、房址、墓葬和生产工具、武具、饰品等遗迹遗物方面的文化因素进行观察和分析，全面总结靺鞨考古学文化的文化面貌及时空差异。第5章为“相关问题讨论”。就“靺鞨考古学文化的源流及周邻地区对靺鞨文化的影响”和“靺鞨时空分布变化所反映的靺鞨民族发展进程”进行了讨论。靺鞨考古学文化在开始时期，存在“波尔采文化”和“滚兔岭文化”两个来源。约在靺鞨考古学文化编年的第1期和第2期1段，分别演化出黑龙江流域的奈费尔德类型、团结类型和牡丹江流域的振兴类型等靺鞨文化地方类型的早期阶段。约在公元1千纪，靺鞨考学文化演变成女真文化，黑龙江中下游地区的科尔萨科沃女真墓地、莎普卡山女真城址中都保留有靺鞨文化因素。从靺鞨考古学文化遗存时空分布来看，靺鞨民族存在一个由北向南逐渐扩张的过程。在靺鞨考古学文化形成的过程中，可以清楚的看到其与周邻考古学文化交流融合。杨屯类型中的高句丽文化因素和老河深中层文化因素的存在，反映其在进入松花江上游流域后与周边民族产生交流及高句丽、夫余灭国后与靺鞨民族发生融合的历史状况。振兴类型中的凤林文化因素反映了靺鞨文化与三江平原文化区存在密切关系。靺鞨考古学文化时空分布变化，反映了靺鞨民族兴起和发展脉络以及魏晋隋唐之际，我国东北地区民族大融合的过程。第6章为“结语”。对论文架构及研究过程进行总结。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mohe is an important national lived in the northeast of China in southern andNorthern Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, the main activities in Jilin, EasternHeilongjiang and the Russian Far East, the coastal area. Mohe nationality and theirdescendants have an important effect on the China and Northeast Asia’s history, sothe research on the Mohe ethnic areas have far-reaching significance to our nationalhistory, Northeast Asian history and the ancient territory.About the Mohe, there are many records in Chinese ancient literature, butmost are relatively simple, This resulted in difficulties in understanding theMohe nation situation relying only on literaturethe. Archaeology research historyrelying on the material remains. the development of archaeology, provides a newmeans for the Mohe nationality research.This paper attempts to combine the record about national state and temporal andspatial distribution of the Mohe in literature and the research findings in the past in theacademic circles, identification and definition of Mohe archaeological culturalrelics, and carries on theanalysis, in order to clarify the meaning of"Mohe archaeological culture". And from the archaeological perspective, examiningthe origin,the relationship with the surrounding area and historical developmentprocess of Mohe nationality.The paper is divided into6chapters:The first chapter is "the introduction".Through the explanation and analysis of relevant literature, summarizesthe development process of Mohe and time-space range and variation ofnational activities.Review of research on culture of mohe. Elaborate the purpose, objects and methods of this study.The second chapter is "Mohe culture archaeological remains".According the record to Mohe nationality in literature, determine thetheoretically temporal and spatial distribution area of Mohe archaeological culturalrelics.Checking the archaeological cultural relics in the temporal and spatial distributionarea of Mohe culture, identify the relics of Mohe archaeological culture, summarizesthe characteristics of Mohe archaeological cultural relics.Finishing the found about Mohe archaeological cultural relics and to explainoutlook of Mohe archaeology culture.The third chapter is "study the zoning and type of Mohe archaeology culture ".The pottery as a clue, analysising the relics of Mohe archaeology culture.First of all, observing the differences of pottery in remains and typologicalanalysis.Secondly, according to the relationship of laminated and break out bettwenruins,observing the pottery in the relics that relationship remains sooner or later isa clear, observed, understanding the differences about morphological of pottery indifferent period, and having a periodization based on a single site remains. At the sametime,and through the morphological characteristics of the pottery in different periodsremains, summarizing the evolution of various types of pottery.Then, based on the evolution, determine the relationship sooner or later of a sametype of pottery,bulding the chronicling sequence of the pottery in Mohe remains.usethe typological relation of pottery to contect all Mohe relics,and have a overall stagingto Mohe remains.Dividing Mohe archaeological cultural relics into4periods and9stages, establish time coordinate about Mohe archaeological culture.Finally, on the basis the differences of pottery assemblage,the pottery forms anddecoration style in same period in different regions, Mohe archaeological culturalrelics are divided into8place types, and the distribution, the pottery features,thedifference between the local types are summarized. The fourth chapter is "The observiation to other archaeological culture factors inMohe".In the spacetime framework that composed of Mohe archaeological culture stageand local types, observing and analysising the cultural factors on site, Forexample,city sites, the housing sites, tombs,and production tools, weaponsequipment, decoration etc. have a comprehensive summary of the culturalappearance and spatial and temporal differences in Mohe archaeological culture.The fifth chapter is "The discussion of related issues"."Origin and offspring of Mohe archaeological culture and impact that is producedby adjacent areas "and "the change in temporal and spatial distribution reflectsthe Mohe nationality development process" are discussed.In the beginning of the period of,Mohe archaeological culture have two sourcesthat"Boercai culture" and "Guntuling culture". They develop into "Naifeierdetype","Tuanjie type"in Heilongjiang river basin and"Zhenxing type"in Mudanjiangriver basin respectively. About the year10th Century, Mohe archaeological cultureevolved into Nuzhen archaeological culture, the middle and lower reaches ofHeilongjiang "Kersakwo cemetery"and,"Shapuka mountain city site"inNuzhen period are preserved in a culture factors of Mohe.According to temporal and spatial distribution of Mohearchaeological culture,Mohe nationality has a process of expansion gradually fromnorth to south. In the process of the formation of the Mohe archaeological culture, cansee clearly its communicate and fusion with neighboring cultures. The existence ofGaogouli cultural factors and Laoheshe middle culture factors in Yangtun type, thatreflects that Mohe communicate with neighboring cultures after reaching to the upperreaches of the Songhua River region and fusion with Gogouli and Fuyu that happenafter they are out of the country. The Fenglin cultural factors in Zhenxingtype reflects the close relationship between culture of Mohe and Sanjiang plain culturaldistrict.The changes in temporal and spatial distribution of Mohe archaeological culture, reflecting the Mohe nationality rise and development and the process ofnational integration on the northeast region in China in Wei Jin and Sui and TangDynasties.The sixth chapter is "conclusion".Summarizing the structure and research of the thesis.更多还原