【作者】 王芳；

【导师】 吴岳添；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪80年代起至今，波伏瓦的作品及生活方式深刻地影响了中国女性主义文学创作与批评、女性学研究及社会生活，研究波伏瓦在中国的接受对当代女性主义文学及社会实践有重要的启示意义。“波伏瓦在中国的接受”选题的选定与研究史梳理，包括国内外研究现状述评、选题的创新性和价值、研究范围与内容等。中国对波伏瓦的译介始于1981年，期间经历80年代兴起的存在主义热潮、1986年波伏瓦的逝世、1995年第四届世界妇女大会、2008年波伏瓦百年诞辰，在时代需求的推动下，译介工作经历了起步、发展和小高潮三个阶段后初具规模，但也存在不少问题。以《第二性》的翻译为例，译入时间晚，且因多为转译、节译和改译而与原著偏离，这种翻译状况主要跟译者的素质与兴趣；出版者的选择标准和中国文化语境有关。波伏瓦在中国接受中的主要身份有女权主义斗士、萨特的忠实伴侣、存在主义作家和美国情人的“小女人”，这些身份被接受的背后蕴涵着丰富的文化内涵。波伏瓦对中国当代女作家的女性意识、创作观念、作品主题、文学批评观念以及生活方式产生了直接影响。中国当代最负盛名的女诗人翟永明认为性别社会建构理论对女艺术家意义重大；她继承了波伏瓦的艺术价值评判标准和创作观念，并有所发展和超越；她的诗歌主题受到了母亲神话祛魅的影响。少数民族作家赵玫关注波伏瓦作为知识女性的角色及与萨特的关系，她对波伏瓦的阐释反映了当代知识女性的角色困惑。波伏瓦影响了中国的女性主义批评和女性学的发展。我国妇女学学科奠基人李小江对波伏瓦的学说既有接受亦有批判，她修正了波伏瓦的“社会性别”理论，强调妇女解放与社会变革、女性解放与生育间的辩证关系，她的学术观点深受波伏瓦性别社会建构理论的影响。中国大陆第三代女学人荒林认为波伏瓦的生活方式提供了两性关系的新范式，她批判性地继承了波伏瓦的性别社会建构理论和反对女性母性化的观念，并将之本土化以促进中国合理性别文化的建构进程。法国文学研究专家对波伏瓦的评价在总体上代表了中国对波伏瓦的评价与定位，并具有舆论导向性。柳鸣九认为波伏瓦的作品具有极高的史料价值，她通过作品完成了反抗传统、追求自由的自我形象的建构，但在与萨特的关系中处于从属地位。柳鸣九的观点具有重要的参考价值，但也受到了男性中心思维的局限。郑克鲁从法语原著译出了《第二性》第一个中文全译本，对波伏瓦在中国的传播和研究有着重大的价值和意义；他对波伏瓦作品的思想意义与文学成就的评价颇有见地，但同时也存在一些男性化误读。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the1980s to the present, Simone de Beauvoir’s works and personallifestyle have greatly influenced Chinese feminist literary creation, gender studies andsocial lives. Therefore, the study of Beauvoir’s reception in China provides importantrevelations on contemporary feminist literature and social practice.The selected subject of “Beauvoir’s reception in China” and the historical reviewof previous studies include the critical review at home and abroad; the innovation andvalue of this subject; the research extents and contents, etc.The introduction and translation of Beauvoir in China began in1981. During thisperiod, it experienced existentialism boom that emerged in the1980s, Beauvoir’sdeath in1986, the fourth World Conference on Women that held in Beijing in1995,and the100thanniversary of Beauvoir’s birth in2008. Driven by the current of thetimes, the works of introduction and translation began to take shape after the threestages of beginning, development and climax. However, there are still a lot ofproblems. Take the translation of Beauvoir’s Le Deuxième Sexe as an example. Thetranslation of Le Deuxième Sexe is quite late, and on most occasions the Chinesetranslation deviates from the original work on account of re-translations, abridgedtranslations, and adapted translations which are mainly due to translators’ qualitiesand interests, the publisher’s standard of choice, and China’s cultural context. Theacceptance of Beauvoir’s main identities, such as feminist, Sartre’s faithfulcompanion, existentialist writer and American lover’s “little girl”, has rich culturalconnotations behind it.Beauvoir has direct influence on the formation of contemporary Chinese womenwriters’ female consciousness, their conception of literary creation, the theme of theirworks, their concept of literary criticism, and their choices of personal lifestyles. Thewell-known woman poet Zhai Yongming holds that gender social construction theoryhas great significance for women artists. Zhai Yongming inherits Beauvoir’s aestheticvalue criterion and literary creation of which Zhai makes development andtranscendence. The theme of her poems is influenced by the disenchantment ofmotherhood myth. The ethnic minority writer Zhao Mei focuses on Beauvoir’s role asthe female intellectual and her relation with Sartre. Zhao’s interpretation of Beauvoirreflects the contemporary female intellectuals’ perplexity of their roles. Beauvoir exerts influence on feminist criticism and the development of womenstudies in China. Li Xiaojiang, the founder of women studies in China, accepts andcriticizes Beauvoir’s theories. She amends Beauvoir’s “social gender” theory, andemphasizes the dialectical relationship between women’s liberation and social reform,as well as between women’s liberation and reproduction. Her academic viewpoint isgreatly influenced by Beauvoir’s gender social construction theory. Huang Lin, arepresentative of the third generation of women studies in the mainland, holds thatBeauvoir provides a new paradigm for sexual relations through her own lifestyle.Huang critically inherits Beauvoir’s view of gender social construction theory anddisapproval of female maternalization, and further makes those ideas localized so asto promote the course of reasonable gender culture construction in China.On the whole, the criticism made by the experts in French literature representsBeauvoir’s evaluation and location in China, and guides public opinions. Liu Mingjiubelieves that Beauvoir’s works have greatly high historical value, her workssuccessfully realize the self-image construction of rebelling against tradition andpursuing freedom, but she is subordinate to Sartre. Liu’s comment on Beauvoir is animportant reference for the studies of Beauvoir, and however is restricted bymale-centered thought at the same time. Zhen Kelu makes the first full Chinesetranslation of Le Deuxième Sexe from the French original work, which is veryimportant and meaningful for the dissemination and research of Beauvoir in China.His comments on the significance and literary achievements of Beauvoir’s works areinsightful, and meanwhile have some masculine misreadings.更多还原