【作者】 崔昆；

【导师】 陆树程；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 以人为本是当代德育研究的核心话语。目前人本德育的理论探索主要是一种限于德育系统内部的抽象理念阐释与具体方法策略构建的研究模式，它尚未真正触及人本德育的根本性问题，即政治与德育的关系问题，这在人本德育的实践推进与理论研究中都是一个悬而未决的问题。因此，人本德育研究的视角需要有所突破，要确立人本德育研究的唯物史观向度，即用唯物史观的基本立场、观点与方法，对人本德育缺失的社会根源、实现的根本条件以及其他相关基本问题进行解答，这将为人本德育的实现奠定根本性理论基础。人本德育唯物史观向度研究的逻辑起点是对以人为本概念的辨析。在马克思主义语境中，以人为本包含两个相统一的基本层面，即哲学抽象意义上的以人为本与以人民为本。只有在以哲学抽象意义上的以人为本为前提，同时体现以人民为本的基本内涵，才能够使人本德育真正得以实现。这一点，要从人本德育缺失的现实根源说起。中西方德育史表明，人本德育是人类的一种普遍性追求，但是历史上人本德育却从未真正彻底实现。究其原因，是因为以往社会形态中德育人本追求的内在本性被政治系统所扭曲，政治与德育的关系失衡问题是人本德育缺失的社会性根源，是其根本性问题，而这一问题也同样存在于传统社会主义历程当中。但有所不同的是，社会主义社会形态已经具有了解决此问题的根本条件。解决政治与与德育的关系问题，并不意味着使德育完全脱离政治，而是要正确处理两者关系，使之达到一种平衡、协调状态。政治对德育的介入主要是通过意识形态，因此，需要对意识形态概念进行深入分析。意识形态是一个极为复杂、含混的概念。马克思主义经典作家奠定了此概念的基本分析框架，据此，对意识形态的一种理解就在于：意识形态作为一种高度综合的理论体系，在理论形式上，可以看作是以理论化的特定阶级意识对于人类基本问题的一种系统解答。根据这个定义，意识形态所直接针对的是人类基本价值，意识形态的基本运动规律存在于它与人类基本价值的辩证矛盾当中：人类基本价值要通过意识形态这种载体表达出来；人类基本价值作为一种历史价值必然性是意识形态的最终评判标准。意识形态概念的探讨为人本德育根本性问题的解决奠定了理论基础。社会主义德育属于社会主义意识形态总体的一个组成部分，德育泛意识形态化的实质是意识形态总体运动中人民主体性的缺失。因而人本德育实现的根本就在于德育中人民主体性的确立，这并非是取消灌输论、崇拜群众自发性，而是指将蕴涵人民主体性的人类基本价值与意识形态的辩证关系贯彻到德育之中，消解以往德育的泛意识形态化倾向，达到灌输性与人民主体性的统一，解决人本德育根本性问题。这也回应了“人本德育要体现人民本位”的问题，达到一种逻辑上的彻底。这是人本德育的唯物史观向度考察的逻辑终点。更多还原

【Abstract】 People-oriented is the core discourse of contemporary moral education research.The current theoretical explorations of human-oriented moral education mainly focus onthe interpretation of abstract concept which is confined only to the moral educationsystem, and the building of concrete strategies or methods. But it hasn’t really touchedon the fundamental problem of the human-oriented moral education.The research viewon human-oriented moral education needs a breakthrough. It must establish thehistorical materialism dimension of human-oriented moral education research. That isanswering the questions with the basic stand, viewpoint and method of historicalmaterialism, which include the social origin of the human-oriented moral educationlacking, the fundamental condition for the realization, the social and historicalsignificance and the other relevant basic problems.The logical starting point of the human-oriented moral education with historicalmaterialism dimension research is the analysis of "people-oriented" concept. InMarxism’s context, people-oriented contains two unified basic levels, namelyhuman-oriented in an abstract philosophical sense and the people-oriented. Only bytaking human-oriented in an abstract philosophical sense as the premise, as well asreflecting the basic connotation of the people-oriented, can the human-oriented moraleducation be truly realized. At this point, it should start from the reality causes of thehuman-oriented moral education lacking.Chinese and western moral education history shows that human-oriented moraleducation is a common pursuit of mankind, but it has never been completely realized inhistory. The reason for that is the intrinsic nature of human-oriented moral educationpursuing is distorted by political system in the former social morphology. The problemof the relationship between politics and moral education is the social root of human-oriented moral education lacking.But the difference is that socialist formationalready has the fundamental conditions to solve this problem. Solving the relationshipproblem between politics and moral education does not mean that moral educationcompletely divorced from politics, but to correctly deal with the relationship betweenthe two, so as to reach a balance, coordination state. Intervention of politics on moraleducation is mainly through ideology. Therefore, it needs in-depth analysis of theconcept of ideology.Ideology is an extremely complex and ambiguous concept. Classic Marxist writershas lain the basic analytic framework of this concept, therefore, an understanding ofideology is that ideology, as a kind of highly integrated theoretical system, can beviewed in theory form as a system solutions to the basic problems of human by thetheoretical specific class consciousness.According to this definition, ideology directly aimed at the basic human value,whose basic law of motion exists in its dialectical contradiction with the basic humanvalue： the basic human value is expressed by the carrier of ideology; the basic humanvalue as a kind of historical inevitability is the final judgment standard of ideology.Discussion of the concept of ideology lays the theoretical foundation to solve thefundamental problems of human-oriented moral education. Socialist moral educationbelongs to an integral part of the socialist ideology in general. The essence of extensiveideological moral education is the lack of people’s subjectivity in the ideologicalmovement as a whole. Thus the fundamentality of human-oriented moral education’srealization lies in the establishment of the people’s subjectivity in moral education.Thisis not to cancel the indoctrination theory, or to worship the masses spontaneity, but referto implement the dialectical relationship between ideology and the basic human valuecontaining the people’s subjectivity into moral education, so as to eliminate theextensive ideological tendency of the previous moral education, to instill the unity ofthe indoctrination theory and the people’s subjectivity, to solve the fundamental problemof human-oriented moral education. It also responds to the problem of "human-orientedmoral education should reflect the people’s standard", and achieves thoroughness inlogic. This is the logical end of the human-oriented moral education with historical materialism dimension research.更多还原