【作者】 张娟；

【导师】 陆俭明；

【作者基本信息】 北京大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 汉语表达持续事件的手段多样,本文把研究范围限定在有汉语表达特色但研究相对较少也不具有系统性的持续反复义叠用格式这一类。文章选取了三个有代表性的持续反复义格式“—V—V”、“V着V着”和“V来V去”作为考察对象,对格式句法、语义、格式中动词V以及格式篇章(后续句语义类型)进行细致考察,在此基础上进行与“V着”的比较以及三个格式内部的比较。格式“一V一V”(一闪一闪、一眨一眨)句法性质是状态形容词性的,动态性要略强。格式义是“短暂动作接续完全反复的状态”,“状态”指对外无能量传递。能进入格式的动词是“(广义)自发性事件类的一次性情状的单音节”动词。格式如果有后续句,语义类型是评价型的。格式“V着V着”(坐着坐着、笑着笑着)句法功能单一,通常独用。可以表示多种持续类型,能表示“间断性持续”是以往研究未观察到的。格式中的动词通常不是状态情状的个体属性类,达成情状类构成该格式是多主体的不完全反复持续。格式的篇章特征是引入一个新情况,分结果型和非结果型。结果型“V着V着”由于动作积累性的突出,可以缺省推理出定位原因功能,具有弱解释性,定位的原因是“时间长了(导致某个结果)”。格式“V来V去”(跑来跑去、想来想去)分位移类和非位移类,分别表示方向不同或反复的原子事件论元不同的不完全反复。格式中的动词通常是活动情状和结束情状的,位移类的V需要具备[+双向度]特征,非位移类V通常不是不及物动词。位移类充当的句法成分丰富,后续句语义类型丰富；非位移类充当的句法成分单一,后续句语义类型单一(结果型)。通过与“V着”对比,“V着”表示持续,而叠用格式则明确表示某种特定类型的持续,与之相对应的是叠用格式后续句类型固定为一种或几种。通过三个格式之间的比较,语义上[+描写性]的格式能充当的句法成分丰富,反之单一；[+描写性]的且状态性强的后续句类型通常只有评价型的,动作性略强的,后续句类型丰富；[-描写性]的后续句通常是单一的结果型的,格式只注重动作持续和格式注重反复事件中动作论元的持续两者的差别,对应后续句是对持续有影响的新情况还是动作论元的结果。总而言之,格式的语义和持续类型与格式的句法和篇章有对应关系。本文的创新在于对持续反复义叠用格式进行系统的对比考察,从而得到叠用格式表示持续反复义区别于其它手段的特点以及格式“句法-语义-篇章”的对应关系。研究方法上,考察格式义不拘泥于格式本身,放到事件中去考察,从而不忽略格式使用的语义背景。考察格式中的动词,不拘泥于传统的描写,采用构式的视角,注重格式义与成分的互动。研究的模式给持续反复义格式研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In Mandarin Chinese, there are various ways of denoting the durative events. Among them, the Durative-Iterative Constructions (hereafter D-I-Constructions) is typical in describing durative events. But only a few studies have investigated such constructions. Therefore, this dissertation tries to give a more through and systematic investigation on the D-I-Constructions. As the D-I-Constructions are constructed by reduplications, we focus on three typical D-I-Constructions:yi V yi V, V zhe Vzhe, and V lai V gu,. We mainly discuss their syntactic structures, semantic meanings, the features of the V, and the textual function of the three reduplicative patterns respectively. On the basis of the above conclusions, we make a comparison between the D-I-Constructions and the Vzhe construction, including the comparison within the three types of the D-I-Constructions.The Construction yi V yi V(yi shanyi shan, yi zhayi zha. is static-adjectival and is less strongly dynamic. It denotes to the type of state that the action occurs repeatedly one after another in a rhythmic manner within a short time, in which the state means no energy flowing to the objects. The verbs in the constructions are the monosyllabic semelfactive verbs that describe internal events. The sentences following them belong to the type of evaluation sentences. The Construction Vzhe V zhe (zuo zhe zuo zhe, xiao zhe xiao zhe) is constrained to a single function and is often used as a single clause. But it can describe different types of duration, of which the discontinuous-duration type has not been discussed in the previous research. Generally speaking, only the static verbs cannot enter into such constructions, and the achievement verb can be allowed in only if the event is a plural. The sentences following them introduce a new situation which can be classified into two types: resultative and non-resultative. The construction V zhe V zhe emphasizes the cumulative process of the duration, and it would obtain a weak function of offering a reason of’When it is getting long, it will leads to a result’. The Construction Vlai V qu (pao laipao qu, xiang laixiang qu) falls into two types:motion and non-motion, the former one has different directions, and the later one takes different arguments in each atomic event. The verbs within the construction are always verbs of activities and accomplishments. In addition, the Vs in the former type need to satisfy the feature [+bi-directions], and the Vs of the later type can not be intransitive verbs. The former type has many syntactic functions and various semantic types of the sentences following them, on the other hand, those of the latter ones only have single syntactic function and single semantic types of the followed sentences.With the Comparison between the three constructions and the V zhe construction, we are much assured that the D-I-constructions interpret a certain type of duration and iteration, the sentences following them have fixed semantic types accordingly, and fewer verbs are allowed in such constructions than that of the V zhe construction. Then, we compare the three constructions and find out that the feature [+described] allows for richer syntactic functions, while [-described] has a single function. And if the constructions describe states, then the sentences followed make an evaluation; if they describe activities, then the sentences followed have richer semantic types. The constructions with the feature [-described] always have the following sentences with single semantic type which is result. Among these constructions, some constructions emphasize the duration of the verbs and others emphasize the duration of the arguments of the repeated atomic events, corresponding with which, is the difference between the semantic type of the followed sentences, which is a new situation and the result of the argument respectively. In a word, the semantic meanings and the syntactic functions of the constructions are related to their textual functions.The value of the thesis is that it makes a systematic and comparative study on the D-I-Constructions. Comparing with the other ways of describing durative-iterative event, we conclude the properties of the D-I-Constructions and the relations among the syntactic function-semantic meaning-textual function aspects. Methodologically, the analysis on the semantic meanings of the constructions are investigated in the events, not constrained to the constructions, and such taking the semantic background into consideration. And the analysis of the verbs are not restricted to the traditional described way, but analyzing them from the angle of the Constructions, and pay much attention to the relations between the semantic meanings of the constructions and the verbs in them. Furthermore, the research methods in this paper offer a reference for the latter research on the other durative-iterative constructions.更多还原