【作者】 王芳；

【导师】 罗剑朝； Yvon Martel；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国改革开放和经济的快速发展，“三农”问题的日益严峻性和解决“三农”发展问题的紧迫性不断成为社会各界的普遍共识。农村金融体系的建设和完善受经济社会发展水平的影响和制约外，还与“三农”发展及其金融需求的特点密切相关。作为农业和农村经济发展中最基本单位的农户，既是农村金融供给体系中的重要参与主体，也是对现有农村金融制度完善与否的判断者，还是发展农村经济的贡献者和受益者。因此，从农户需求的视角研究农户的金融需求、融资选择的特点和差异性问题，对以农户需求为导向，调整和完善现有农村金融市场体系，推进农村金融创新，进而探索符合农户借贷需求特征的金融产品，对提高农户资金需求满足程度，促进农村经济社会全面发展具有重要意义。位于我国西部地区的陕西省，其经济发展相对落后，且正处于传统农业向现代农业转型的过渡时期，随着劳动力、土地等生产要素的流动，农户专业化、兼业化和非农化现象日渐明显。因此把握好过渡时期农户借贷行为的特点和差异性，不仅能丰富和完善农户借贷问题的研究，而且为如何从农户需求层面探求欠发达地区农户分化过程中农村金融供给存在的主要问题和面临的发展机遇与挑战提供一定的理论支持。基于以上研究背景和现阶段我国农村发展的实际需要，本文以陕西省农户借贷行为的比较为研究对象，在深入农户调查的基础上，通过运用多种统计分析方法比较分析陕西省农户借贷行为的差异性。本文首先对研究区域及样本农户特征进行了分析，并在此基础上分析了不同特征农户借贷需求行为、融资选择以及农户对正规金融市场和非正规金融市场的选择等的特点及差异性，并针对农户金融需求的分化现象，提出了整合各种涉农金融服务信息，对农户借贷需求进行分类管理以及以农户借贷需求为导向，推动农村金融创新，开发满足农户需求的金融产品，优化农户借贷行为推进农户经济社会发展的政策建议。鉴于此，论文的主要研究内容如下：第一章，导论。本章主要阐述选题的背景、意义、国内外研究现状、论文的研究思路、采用的主要方法、数据来源以及论文研究可能的创新之处。第二章，农户借贷行为相关理论基础。结合农户行为、农户借贷等理论，分析了农户借贷行为差异的决定要素及现阶段农村金融供给的构成。第三章，研究区域介绍及样本特征分析。对研究区域及样本农户的户主特征、家庭特征、生产经营特征、收支状况及农村金融供给市场特征等问题进行了分析，发现陕西省农户整体收入水平比较低，农户分化现象较为明显。运用随机前沿生产函数估计了陕西省农户生产技术效率以及不同特征变量对农户生产技术效率的影响。结果显示，陕西省农户平均生产技术效率为68.1%，生产技术效率与户主特征、劳动力和资金的投入方向（农业领域和非农业领域）以及农户所在地农村金融市场环境等因素均显著相关，且农村金融市场便利程度的改善可有效提高农户的生产技术效率。第四章，陕西省农户借贷需求行为比较实证分析。对农户的借贷需求行为的比较进行了实证分析，其中涉及农户是否有借贷需求、需求类型及需求额度。发现69.5%的农户存在金融需求，户主特征、家庭特征、生产经营特征、收支状况以及农村金融供给市场等五大类10个因素对农户的金融需求有显著影响。农户的借贷需求类型中，生活消费型借贷在所有借贷需求中所占比例最高，达55.3%，其次是生产投资型借贷。户主特征（年龄、性别、外出务工经历）、农户收入情况（收入水平、主要收入来源）、农村金融市场环境特征等三大类七个因素对农户借贷需求类型的选择有显著影响。农户需求额度的比较中，农户的借贷额度以小额借贷为主，其中借贷需求额度在1万元（含）以下的农户占有借贷需求农户总数的61.4%。户主的受教育水平、农户收入水平和所在地到最近正规金融机构所需时间对农户借贷需求额度的选择影响显著。第五章，陕西省农户融资选择行为比较实证分析。对农户的融资选择行为的比较进行了实证分析，其中包括农户对所期望的获取资金的来源及对金融供给主体的认知。结果发现，农户主观期望中仍以亲朋好友间“互助性”的无息借贷为主，所占比例达受访农户总数的八成以上。在有息借贷的选择中，则愿意优先选择中国农业银行、农村信用合作社等正规金融机构，农户对非正规农村金融机构的选择和参与均较少。农户对私人借贷在贷款的公平性、贷款期限、利率、手续、资金需求满足程度等方面的满意度高于其他借贷供给主体，而对正规金融机构在政策宣传、服务态度等方面满意度较高，对中国农业银行贷款政策、贷款期限方面的满意度较高，农户对其他商业银行的贷款额度、工作人员服务等方面满意度较高。第六章，正规农村金融市场中农户融资路径的比较实证分析。对农户在正规金融市场上的融资行为的比较进行了实证分析。农户对参与正规金融市场借贷有着很强的积极性，但从正规金融机构获得贷款的比例较低、抵押品的缺失情况较为普遍。在现有利率下，不同特征的农户中，户主特征（性别、外出务工经历）、家庭特征（劳动力平均年龄）、主要收入来源、农村金融市场环境特征等对农户是否愿意从银行借贷的选择差异显著。在从正规金融机构贷款中，对不同借贷用途的贷款，农户能接受的最高利率差异显著。第七章，非正规金融市场中农户融资路径比较实证分析。对农户在非正规金融市场上的融资行为的比较进行了实证分析。从高利贷和私人放贷人那里有息借款的农户所占比例很低。农户选择非正规金融借贷的原因主要是急用（快捷）、手续简便、期限灵活、利率合适等。而选择非正规借贷组织则是基于手续的方便快捷和贷款的可获得性。农户向亲朋好友借贷具有频率高、额度小、可获得性高、费用低的特点。农户从不同私人借贷供给处获得借款的交易成本差异较大。第八章，优化农户借贷行为的政策建议。针对研究中发现的农户借贷行为的特点、差异性以及存在的问题，提出了构建农村金融服务信息平台，对农户借贷需求进行分类管理以及以农户借贷需求为导向推进农村金融创新，优化农户借贷行为的政策建议。第九章，结束语。对论文的研究背景、主要研究发现、研究中存在的不足以及今后的研究展望进行了论述。更多还原

【Abstract】 With China’s reform and opening up and the rapid development of economy,“ThreeRural” Issues are becoming severe and urgent solutions needed is a common understandingfor all sectors of the society now. The construction and perfection of the rural financial systemnot only influenced and restricted by the development of economy and society, but also closeconnected with the development and main characteristics of the financial demand of the“Three Rural”. As the most basic unit of the agricultural and rural economic development, therural household is an important participator in the rural financial supply system, a judge in thecurrent rural financial system, and also a contributor and benefiter in rural economicdevelopment. Therefore, studying their financial demands, their choice and the differencesfrom the demand perspective, is significant to adjust and perfect the existing rural financialmarket system, promote rural financial innovation, and provide the financial productaccording to the rural househlod demand, improve their fund demand satisfaction andpromote the development of the economy and society in the rural areas.Shaanxi province is located at the western part of China, which is relative lag behindthan the eastern and south part of China in economy. It is processing the important periodfrom the traditional agriculture to the modern agriculture now, the differentiation phenomenonof agricultural production mode and efficiency in this area is becoming more and moreobvious. So the study of the characteristics and differences of the rural households’ borrowingbehavior, can not only enrich and perfect the research for the rural households borrowingproblem, but also can provide theoretical support for the research of supply of the ruralfinance in the less development areas.Based on the above research background and the present stage need for the developmentof the ruralareas, this dissertation treated the rural households’ borrowing behavior in Shaanxias research objective, through detail survey of rural households, and statistic compare thedifference of rural households’ borrowing behaviors. On that basis, the dissertation analyzedthe difference of the rural households’ borrowing behaviors, their loan choice andcharacteristic and difference while facing to the formal rural financial market and informalrural financial market. Finally, found the difference of the rural households’ borrowing behaviors and the insufficiencies of the rural financial market..Some suggestions such asbuild the platform for sharing all the information for the rural financial services, classify therural households according their financial demands, promote the rural financial innovation aregiven to promote the development of the economy and society in the rural areas.In the view of above, the main research contents are as follows:Chapter one: Introduction. This chapter is mainly about the background, significance,literature review, logic of the dissertation of the selected topic, and the main methods and thepossible innovation.Chapter two: Introduce the related theoretical basis of the rural households’ borrowingbehavior. Using rural households’ behavior, rural households’ borrowing behavior and therelated rural financial development theory, analyzed the form factors fact the ruralhouseholds’ borrowing behaviors and the supply of the financial market.Chapter three: Introduction and rural households’ main characterstics of the research area.Based on the background of the rural households’ borrowing behaviors, analyzed thedifference of the householders’ characteristics, their family characteristic, production andoperation characteristics, balance of their payments, and the characteristics of rural financialsupply market. Analyzed the relationship of the rural households’ production technicalefficiency and the characteristics of the rural households and the financial market by using theISDF (Input Stochastic Distance Froniter) Model. The result shows that, the ruralhouseholds’ production technical efficiency is68.1%, which still has great potential to beimproved, and also found that the householder’s characteristics, the distribute of labor andcapital input (for farming and off-farm) and the rural financial market environment aresignificant to the improve of rural households’ production technical efficiency.Chapter four: Empirical analysis of the rural households’ financial demand behaviours inShaanxi Province. Analyzed the rural households’ borrowing demand behavior, includingwhether they have the financial demand, the type of their demand and the amount they need.The results show that69.5%of the rural households have the financial demand, and tenfactors of the five main types of the rural households’ such as the householder features, familycharacteristic, production and operation characteristics, income and expenses, and theenvironment of the rural financial supply market are significant to the rural households’financial demand. For the type of the rural households’ financial demand, the highestpercentage is for living consumption which is55.3%, then is the demand for productioninvestment. Seven factor of three types of the characteristics of the rural households aresignificant to their financial demand area, they are the householder’s characteristics (age,gender, migrant workers experience), income (income level, main source of income) and the environment characteristics of the rural financial market. For the financial amount,61.4%ofthe financial demands are less than10,000RMB, which means that the microfinance areneeded in this area. The education of the householder, their income and the time to the nearestformal financial institutions are significant to the amount they need.Chapter five: Empirical analysis for the rural households’ financing choice behaviours inShaanxi Province. This chapter analyzed the choice behaviors in the rural households’borrowing behaviors, including the loan source that the they want and the recognition to thefinancial supplier. The results show that most of the rural households prefer to borrow moneyas a kind of “help each other” from their friends and relatives without any interest, and thepercentage is more than80%.For the loan with interests the Agricultural Bank of China, theRural Credit Cooperatives and some other formal financial institutions are prefered by therural households’, while few of them has involved in the informal financial institutions. Therural households’ are more satified for the private individuals for its equity, loan term, interestrates, procedure, and amount than the other financial institutions; more satified for the formalfinancial institutions for their policy propaganda and service; more satified for AgricultureBank of China for its policy propaganda and loan term; more satified for the othercommercial banks for its loan amount and service.Chapter six: Comparative analysis for the rural households’ borrowing behaviors in theformal financial market.Analyzed the details of rural households’ borrowing behaviors in theformal financial market. The rural households are longing to participate in formal financialmarket, but the percentage of them who got money is somewhat low and most of them willlack for the suitable collaterals. The difference whether the rural households will choose toborrow money for the bank under the current interest are significant among the ruralhouseholds with the different characteristics of the householders(gender, migrant workersexperience), family features (labor average age), the main source of income of rural financialmarket environment characteristics.Chapter seven: Comparative analysis for the rural households’ borrowing behaviors inthe informal financial market.Analyzed the details of rural households’ borrowing behaviorsin the informal financial market. Very few of the rural households have the experience ofborrowing money from the usury and private lenders. The reasons of the rural householdsborrowing money from informal financial market are for urgent, convenient, flexible and lowinterest. Borrowing money from financial institutions is for the convenience and availability.The characteristics for borrowing money from friends and relatives are more frequency, smallamount and available. The difference for the transaction cost of the rural householdsborrowing money from different financial providers is significant. Chapter eight: Policies for optimizing the rural households borrowing behaviors. Somesuggestions such as building the platform for sharing all the information for the rural financialservices, classifying the rural households according their financial demands, promoting therural financial innovation according to the main conclustions of the research.Chapter Nine: Concluding remarks. Introduced the background and the main founds ofthis thesis. The deficiency and the future research are also discussed.更多还原