【作者】 张薇；

【导师】 唐孝威； 黄华新；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本文主要讨论了海盐话指示代词的系统特征和语法化路径,认为指示代词除了基本的指代功能外还存在大量的非指代化功能,也正是由于这些非指代化用法的存在导致了近指代词和远指代词在使用上的不对称性。全文分八章。第一章简要介绍了选题缘由、指示代词的研究现状及本文的理论前提和研究方法。第二章对海盐话指示代词作了详细的描写。文章从方位处所、指人或事物、时间、性状程度或动作方式四个方面对海盐话的指示代词作了分析,认为该系统是特殊的“双层二分”系统,即在近指的基础上分为零距离近指和有距离近指,在远指基础上分为远指和更远指。同时还指出,海盐话的指示代词除了基本的指代化功能外还存在大量的非指代化功能。第三章对海盐话指示代词充当名词化标记作了分析。海盐话中存在着“泛指量词→远指代词→名词化标记”这样一条语法化链条,在“泛指量词→远指代词”环节中,所有的量词都有有定性的倾向,但“*个”率先语法化为了指示代词,在“远指代词→名词化标记”环节中,“*个”已语法化为了定中结构的名词化标记,但尚未成为的字结构的名词化标记。这一系列语法化过程充分证明了这个语法化链条是一个完整的连续统。第四章对海盐话指示代词充当定冠词的功能作了分析。由于指示代词和定冠词在句法位置和功能特性上具有高度的相似性,因此,海盐话中的远指代词语法化为了类似于定冠词的成分,这是人类语言所共有的普遍现象。本章还分析了“远指代词→定冠词”与“泛指量词→远指代词→名词化标记”两条语法化链条之间的相关性。第五章对海盐话指示代词的话题标记功能作了分析。海盐话的指示代词“*个”在句法、语义、功能等各个方面都和话题标记相契合,当话语中需要一个话题标记增强话题性的时候,“*个”很自然地就完成了从指示代词到话题标记的语法化过程。第六章对海盐话指示代词的篇章连接功能作了分析。指示代词起回指作用的时候无论是语义特征还是句法位置都易于语法化为连词,从海盐话远指代词的句法表现来看,它已经具备了连词所特有的特点。而且还进一步语法化为了话语标记。第七章通过对比汉语普通话、英语指示代词的不对称性特征,我们认为指示代词系统表现出来的不对称性是由于不同系统的指示代词在特定指示代词上产生的非指代化用法造成的,而非指代化用法的产生是语法、语义和认知等诸多因素共同作用的结果。第八章结语,总结了文章的创新点和不足。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dissertation focuses on the system characteristics and grammaticalization path of the demonstrative in Haiyan dialect. The author considers that, besides referential function, the demonstrative pronoun has a series of non-referential function, which causes the asymmetry of the demonstrative pronoun. The dissertation is composed of eight chapters.The first chapter briefly introduces the reason why we choose the very topic and the research background.The theoretical background and research approach are also laid out.The second chapter makes a detailed description of the demonstrative pronoun system of Haiyan dialect from four perspectives:location, person or thing, time, property\degree or manner. The demonstrative pronoun system of Haiyan dialect is a special "double-layer&two-part system", which means the proximal pronoun is subdivided into zero-distance and short-distance;the remote pronoun is subdivided into long-distance and farther-distance. The system also has a lot of non-referential function.The third chapter analyzes the demonstrative pronoun used as a nominalization marker. There is a special chain of grammaticalization:general quantifier> the remote pronoun> nominalization marker. When general quantifier is grammaticalized into remote pronoun, all the quantifiers tend to be qualitative."*GE " grammaticalized as demonstrative pronoun first. When the remote pronoun grammaticalized as a nominalization marker,"*GE" became the nominalization marker in the modifier-head structure rather than that in the "DE" structure. The whole grammaticalization process proves the chain as a complete continuum.The fourth chapter analyzes the demonstrative pronoun used as definite article. Due to the similarities between the demonstrative pronoun and the definite article in the syntactic position and the functional properties, the the remote pronoun grammaticalized as an element is similar to the definite article, which is a universal phenomenon among the human languages. This chapter also analyzes the similarities between "the remote pronoun>the definite article"’ and "general quantifier> the remote pronoun> nominalization marker".The fifth chapter analyzes the demonstrative pronoun used as the topic marker. The demonstrative pronoun "*GE" in Haiyan dialect resembles the topic marker in syntactic, semantic and functional aspects. when a topic marker is required by the discourse to strengthen the topic-indicating function, the demonstrative pronoun "*GE" is inclined to be used as a topic marker.The sixth chapter analyzes the demonstrative pronoun used as conjunction in Haiyan dialect.When the demonstrative pronoun is used as anaphora, it tends to be grammaticalized as a conjunction in both syntactic position and semantic characteristeristies. As far as the syntactic performance is concerned, the remote pronoun in Haiyan dialect obtains the characteristics specific to conjunctions, and is grammaticalized as a topic marker.The seventh chapter compares demonstrative pronouns in different languages: Mandarin Chinese\English and Haiyan dialect. We hold that the non-referential function leads to the asymmetry of the demonstrative pronoun system, which is caused by a combination of grammar, semantics and cognition.The eighth chapter is a summary of this thesis.更多还原