【作者】 魏连娣；

【导师】 李晓东；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 未来时间透视（FTP）是指一个人概念化的未来以及与未来的关联。未来时间透视是关于未来时间的一种认知结构，它具有独特的动机作用，并能影响学业表现。本文在自我决定理论（SDT）框架下，以大学生的英语学习为例，考察未来时间透视与学习动机和学习投入的关系，以及未来时间透视影响学习投入的机制。研究一考察未来时间透视、学习动机和学习投入间的关系。本研究采用问卷法，选取某师范大学大二年级被试共678名，其中男生174名，女生504名。结果发现：（1）未来时间透视与外在调节相关不显著；（2）通过依次检验回归系数单独考察各类调节的中介效应发现，内摄调节的中介效应为4.5%，认同调节的中介效应为10.1%，内部动机的中介效应为14.5%，动机内化的（相对自主指数/动机内化指数RAI）中介效应为8.8%；（3）通过结构方程模型综合考察各类调节的中介效应依然发现，内摄调节在未来时间透视和英语学习投入之间不存在中介作用，认同调节和内部动机存在中介效应，而且未来时间透视与认同调节和内部动机之间的路径系数依次递增。因此可以得出结论：未来时间透视不仅能直接影响个体的英语学习投入，而且能通过促进动机的内化间接影响学习投入。研究二考察低未来时间透视高内部动机组的动机来源。本研究采用问卷法，从研究一中选取低FTP高内部动机和高FTP高部动机被试，共168人，其中男生37人，女生131人。施测基本心理需要问卷。考察低未来时间透视高内部动机与高未来时间透视高内部动机类型大学生在英语学习基本心理需要满足程度上的差异。结果发现：（1）高未来时间透视高内部动机大学生自主需要比低未来时间透视高内部动机大学生高，差异显著，两组大学生在胜任需要和关联需要上差异不显著；（2）高未来时间透视高内部动机和低未来时间透视高内部动机大学生自主需要均高于胜任需要和关联需要，胜任需要与关联需要差异不显著。研究表明对于低未来时间透视高内部动机大学生来说，其胜任和关联需要的满足对动机内化起到了非常重要的作用；总体而言，自主需要对学习动机的影响最大，胜任和关联对学习动机的影响相对较小。研究三考察高未来时间透视低内部动机大学生在追踪后其英语学习动机是否内化。本研究采用问卷法，从研究一中选取被试，共85人，其中男生27人，女生58人。结果发现，两个月后，低未来时间透视低内部动机类型大学生其英语学习相对自主性（相对自主指数/动机内化指数RAI）提高，但差异不显著；高未来时间透视低内部动机类型大学生英语学习相对自主性提高，差异显著。因此得出，未来时间透视能够促进动机内化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The future time perspective (FTP) refers to an individual’s conceptualization of the futureand the connectedness to the future. The FTP which is a cognitive structure about the futuretime has a unique motivation function and can affect students’ academic performance. Theaim of the present research was to examine the association among FTP, motivations andacademic engagement through the lens of self-determination theory. This paper includes threestudies.The aim of the first study was to examine the association among FTP, motivations andacademic engagement with questionnaire method.678sophomores (n=174for males, n=504for females) from a normal university participated in the study. It was found that (1) Noassociation between FTP and external regulation was found,(2) The mediating role ofintrojected regulation in the association between FTP and academic engagement throughexaming regression coefficients in turn was4.5%, the identified regulation10.1%, theintrinsic motivation14.5%, the Relative Autonomy Index(RAI)8.8%,(3) The mediating roleof introjected regulation in the association between FTP and academic engagement throughstructural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was not found, but identified regulation andintrinsic motivation played a mediating role in the association between FTP and academicengagement with path coefficient increasing by degrees. We can draw the conclusion that:(1)FTP not only can directly affect the academic engagement,(2) but also can indirectly affectthe academic engagement by promoting the internalization of motivations.The aim of the second study was to examine the differences of basic psychology needbetween the sophomores with low level of FTP and high level of intrinsic motivation and thesophomores with high level of FTP and high level of intrinsic motivation with questionnairemethod.168participators (n=37for males, n=131for females) from the first studyparticipated in this study. It was found that:(1) The need for autonomy of the sophomoreswith high level of FTP and high level of intrinsic motivation was significantly higher than thesophomores with low level of FTP and high level of intrinsic motivation, but there was nosignificantly differences found about the need for competence and the need for relatedness,(2)the need for autonomy of the participators was highest, followed by the need for competenceand the need for relatedness. We can draw the conclusion that:(1) the need for competenceand the need for relatedness played a contributing role for the ophomores with low level ofFTP and high level of intrinsic motivation in sustaining a high level of intrinsic motivation，(2)For all participators, the need for autonomy and the need for competence act as proximal factors in maintaining intrinsic motivation, while the need for relatedness provides a distalsupport for intrinsic motivation.The aim of the third study was to examine whether FTP promotes the internalization ofmotivations with questionnaire method.85participators(n=27for males, n=58for females)from the first study participated in this study. It was found that the RAI of the sophomoreswith high level of FTP and low level of intrinsic motivation improved significantly, while theRAI of the sophomores with low level of FTP and low level of intrinsic motivation did not.We can draw the conclusion that FTP can promote the internalization of motivations.更多还原