【作者】 赵海林；

【导师】 童星；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 行政管理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 在“郭美美事件”之后,慈善组织运作问题倍受社会关注,慈善组织运作问题已经影响了慈善组织的公信力。慈善组织运作是慈善组织在特定条件下的实际运行活动和方式,包括组织结构设置、活动如何开展,是公众了解慈善组织的重要途径。文章以H慈善会作为个案,通过对其1999年成立以来的组织运作的研究,探讨慈善组织结构和组织运作变迁。研究认为慈善组织运作呈现出行政化到多元化的转变；慈善组织运作受制于制度环境,而非技术环境。论文分为七个部分：第一章介绍研究缘起和选题意义、文献回顾、核心概念与理论视角、研究方法、研究框架和主要内容。第二章介绍慈善组织成立初的制度安排。制度安排包括正式和非正式的制度安排。正规制度安排主要指具体的法律法规,非正规制度安排包括文化、意识形态方面。当前慈善组织面对的制度安排是政府主导的制度环境,慈善组织实施的救助是政府职能的延伸；第三章分析制度环境对慈善组织结构与组织运作影响。慈善组织对行政合法性的获得要强于其它合法性的获得,政府的认可是慈善组织发展最核心的要素。关注制度环境使慈善组织的组织结构与组织运作表现为与制度同形,即遵循制度环境的要求。慈善组织的组织运作呈现出行政化的特征；第四章阐述慈善组织行政化运作的制度绩效。主要从慈善组织的组织结构、慈善募集、社会捐赠、志愿精神、慈善救助五个方面来评价慈善组织行政化运作的制度绩效,认为现有制度安排导致了低的组织绩效；第五章主要分析制度变迁和组织运作的多元化。随着现有制度的调整和慈善组织创新,慈善组织结构呈现分工和制约,组织运作也呈现行政化、社会化和市场化的多元发展的趋势,但由于制度变迁呈现着路径依赖,慈善组织在运作上呈现多元化的同时,还存在运作的逆民间化,慈善组织呈现出有增长而无发展的格局；第六章通过对慈善组织运作的历史考察和对国外和香港的慈善组织运作经验的分析,主要分析导致目前慈善组织运作方面存在问题的历史因素,同时借鉴国外和香港慈善组织发展经验；第七章提出慈善组织发展的政策建议,主要是正式制度、非正式制度的创新和组织创新。制度创新包括正式制度的创新与非正式制度的创新,组织创新主要是治理结构、筹资能力、项目管理能力、慈善营销能力和人力资源管理能力的创新。文章最后对转型期慈善组织发展进行简要的讨论,认为中国社会转型表现先经济转型、然后是社会转型,最后才是政治转型,由于社会转型的特殊性,导致制约中国社会发展的瓶颈问题没有解决。社会领域的制度创新的成效与政治体制改革有密切的关系,没有政治体制改革的深入,社会体制改革难以有实质性的突破,现阶段的制度创新仅是一种过渡性的制度安排。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the Jocie-Kok event came out, the operational problems of charitable organizations have been well paid attention to and have affected its credibility for the public. The operation of charitable organizations refers to the actual operation and methods of activities under some certain conditions, including arrangement of the organizational structure as well as how to carry out their activities. This is an important way for the public to understand the charitable organizations. This thesis takes Charity H as a case to explore changes of the structure and operation in charitable organizations through studying its operation since its establishment in1999. During the operation the charitable organizations show the change from administration to diversification. The operation of charitable organizations is subject to institutional environment rather than technical environment.The thesis is divided into seven parts:Chapter One is devoted to the reason to study, significance of this thesis, literature review, core concepts, theoretical perspectives, research methods, research framework and the main content.In Chapter Two the institutional arrangement at the beginning of the charitable organizations’establishment is introduced. There are formal and informal parts in institutional arrangement. The formal refers to the specific laws and regulations and the informal refers to culture, ideology and so on. Nowadays what the institutional arrangements in charitable organizations has been facing is the government-led institutional environment. The relief charitable organizations have implemented is acturally the extension of the government’s functions.Chapter Three is about the impact the institutional environment has brought on charitable organizations’structure and operation. What charitable organizations wants is the acquisition of administrative legitimacy rather than any other legal acquisition. The government’s recognition is the core element of charitable organizations’ development. To focus on the institutional environment can make its organizational structure and organizational operation follow the requirements of institutional environment. The operation of charitable organizations is characteristic of administration.Chapter Four is about the system performance of the administrative operation in charitable organizations. The system performance is evaluated mainly from such five aspects as organizational structure, charitable fundraising, social donations, volunteerism and the charitable aid. It is the existing institutional arrangement that has resulted in the lower organizational performance.Chapter Five is about the analysis of the diversification of institutional change and organizational operation. With the adjustment of existing systems and the innovation in charitable organizations, the division of labor and constraints came to the charitable organizations’structure. The organizational operation has shown the trend of diversified development of administration, socialization and marketization, However, due to the path dependence in institutional changes, there exists the anti-popular operation while charitable organizations show its operational diversification. Charitable organizations are demonstrating the pattern of growth but without development.Chapter Six is about the historical investigation of charitable organizations’ operation and the analysis of operational experience in foreign and Hong Kong charitable organizations. The analysis mainly focuses on the historical factors that have caused some trouble for charitable organizations’operation. At the same time the development experience of charitable organizations in Hong Kong and abroad should be learned from.In Chapter Seven some suggestions of policy are presented for the development of charitable organizations such as formal institutional innovation, informal institutional innovation and organizational innovation. Institutional innovation includes the formal institutional innovation and the informal institutional innovation. Organizational innovation mainly refers to governance structure, financing capacity, capability of project management, capability of charitable marketing and the capability of management innovation of human resource.Finally, the development of charitable organizations during the transitional period are briefly discussed. The social transformation in China presents firstly economic transformation, secondly social transformation and finally political transformation. Due to the particularity of social transformation, the bottleneck problems restricting the development of Chinese society are not solved yet. The effectiveness of institutional innovation in social fields is closely related to political reform of system. Without the deepening of political reform of system, it’s difficult to have a substantive breakthrough for social reform of system. Then the current institutional innovation is only an institutional arrangement transitionally.更多还原