【作者】 刘坚；

【导师】 黄也平；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 文艺学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 一、媒介文化思潮与文学观念的研究媒介文化，就是由大众媒介及其传播活动产生或大众媒介影响制约下形成的思想、观念、价值倾向、生活态度、行为方式以及相应的意识形态、现实关系、社会生活所构成的文化面貌，也包括大众媒介产品的生产、流通、消费过程中形成的文化现象。媒介文化思潮，是指20世纪以来，从媒介文化的理念出发，对大众媒介及其政治、经济、文化传播活动，或大众媒介影响下的社会文化生产、流通、消费现象进行阐释与评价的思想潮流。目前国内以媒介文化与文学观念为内容的研究，主要集中在四个方面：媒介文化属性及其时代、社会文化关系的研究；媒介文化与文学平行互动历史关系的研究；媒介文化影响下当代文学发展变化及其意义的研究；媒介文化的文学性（诗性）和审美价值的研究。国外有关媒介文化与文学观念的研究，以社会批判理论以来的大众文化、媒介文化研究以及相应的文学艺术见解为主。二、媒介文化思潮的理论构成西方的媒介文化理论，建构了人类最初的关于媒介社会文化意义的体系性认识，这是后来媒介文化理论衍生与发展的观念基础。社会批判理论的媒介文化论，对大众媒介及其文化的性质做出定性分析：媒介文化是体现意识形态本质的权力文化，是遵循资本逻辑的商业文化，是标准化生产的单向度文化，是消解批判精神的低俗文化。意识形态理论的媒介文化论，探讨媒介文化的权力结构和现实建构力量，认为媒介文化体现了意识形态的实践形式，体现了意识形态的权力结构，体现了意识形态的社会建构。传播政治经济学理论的媒介文化论，将大众传播活动视为社会政治经济现象，关注大众媒介的社会传播过程中，媒介生产活动、媒介产品、媒介传播消费等环节的商业化逻辑和交换价值效应，关注大众媒介传播活动中的政治经济权力控制和制度约束。文化研究理论的媒介文化论，从相对自主的文本意义和文化传播角度阐释和评价媒介文化，揭示媒介文化的大众生活属性、意识形态意义、传播接受特征和权力结构关系。结构主义—符号学理论的媒介文化论，运用结构分析和符号分析的方法去阐释大众媒介的文化生产和传播活动，对媒介文化传播中的意义符号生产和媒介文化传播中的意义符号阅读作出深刻的分析。后现代主义理论的媒介文化论，侧重揭示媒介文化传播与真实世界的建构关系，认为大众媒介对社会生活的文化建构，依循符号价值逻辑和商品化逻辑，并形成不同文化场域的权力关系。三、媒介文化理论的文学阐释将文学艺术的存在，同大众媒介的文化生产与传播联系起来，将文学艺术的发展，同社会传播媒介的演变联系起来，这是媒介文化理论对文学艺术观念的核心内容，也是媒介文化理论进行文学艺术阐释的基本思路。媒介文化思潮从权力关系上认识和评价社会文化和文学的现实活动，首先是媒介文化作为权力支配主体，对文学的生存和发展产生制约性影响，其次，在文化生产关系中，文学也以自身独立的文化力量，形成对媒介文化控制的抵抗与斗争。在认识和评价媒介文化环境中的文学艺术性方面，媒介文化理论着眼于三个对比范畴：文学艺术品质的精英性与大众性；文学艺术价值的膜拜性与展示性；文学艺术表现的意象性和影像性。媒介文化理论将文学艺术的商品化，既视为一个影响过程，也视为一种影响结果。媒介文化理论更关注的是：导致商品化成为文学艺术属性的历史影响过程和现实影响因素，其中包括文学艺术品的商品化过程，美感创造的资本逻辑制约和文学艺术生产的市场化机制等。四、媒介文化语境下的当代文学观念当代文学观念中媒介文化理念的进入，当代文学现象研究中媒介文化语境的存在，当代文学理论建设中媒介文化理论的参与，这种态势对当前文学思想界的理论和研究走向产生重要的影响。从媒介文化的视角去阐释文学观念和现象，在文学的历史和现实评价中体现媒介文化的价值尺度，这是当前文学研究和文学批评的重要内容。20世纪90年代以来的文学现象思考中，文学精神价值的阐释、文学历史转型的阐释和文学现实关系的阐释，在体现媒介文化视角和态度方面尤有代表性。大众媒介对文学发展产生的意义，已经不仅仅是一般的环境性意义和工具性意义。文学媒介性的增长和媒介化的走向，是当代文学重要的变化现象。这种变化首先表现在文学创作观念中媒介化叙事意识的增强，其次表现在对传统媒介文学形态变化的多样化评价。而新媒介文学阐释和批评话语的深化，则表明了文学媒介化理论建设的成果。更多还原

【Abstract】 1.Studies on Media Culture and the Views of LiteratureMedia culture is consisted of ideas, beliefs, values, attitudes, behaviors, ideologyand social life relationships. It also includes cultural phenomena that are involved inthe process of generation, circulation and consumption of mass media.Media culture views, starting from the20th century, refers to the interpretationand evaluation of the mass media and its political, economic, cultural andcommunication activities, or the social and cultural production, circulation andconsumption processes under the influence of the mass media.Current domestic research on media culture and literary views mainly focused onfour aspects:1) media culture property and the study of the social and culturalrelations;2) the historical, interactive and parallel relationship between media cultureand literary;3) development and meanings of contemporary literature under theinfluence of the media culture; and4) study of the literariness (poetry) of culturemedia and its aesthetic value.International research on media culture and literary views focused on the socialcritical theories on the popular culture, media cultural studies, and the relating literaryand artistic insights.2. Construction of Media Culture ViewsThe western theories of media culture coined the original systemic recognition ofthe social and cultural meaning of media culture, and thus are the derivative anddevelopmental foundations of the later medial culture theories.Media culture theory of Social Sritical Theory analyzes the nature of mass mediaand its cultural properties, stating that media culture reflects the ideological nature ofthe power of culture. It follows the capital commercialization of business culture. It isa standardized one-way cultural production and a “low” culture to diminish criticalspirits.Ideological theory of media culture explores the power structure of the media culture and its reality constructing power. It argues that media culture reflects theideological form of practice, the power structure and social construction of ideology.Communication Plutonomy views the communications of mass culture as a social,political and economy phenomenon. It concerns the media production activities, thecommercialization and value exchange effect, and the political and economic powersof control in the communication process of mass mediaCultural studies theory of media culture, from a relatively text-free aspect, revealsthe meanings of media culture in public and social lives, its ideological significance,the dissemination and the power structure relationships.Structural Semiotics-Semeiology Theory uses the methods of structural andsymbolic analysis to illustrate the cultural production and dissemination activities ofthe mass media. It describes the production and meanings of symbols in thedissemination of media culture.And finally, Postmodernism reveals the constructive relationship between mediaculture and the real world. It believes that the mass media constructs social andcultural life, follows the symbolic value and commercialization process, and formspower relationships in different cultural fields.3. The literary interpretation on media culture theoriesThe association between the presence of literature and art, and the production anddissemination of mass media is the primary concept of media culture, as well as thefundamental idea of interpreting theories of media culture from a literary view.Media cultural views understand and evaluate the social reality of cultural andliterary activities from the power relations. On the one hand, media culture, as thepower host, impacts the survival and development of the literary. On the other hand,literature fights against the control of media culture, using its power of culture, in thecultural production relationships.From the understanding and evaluating aspect of the artistry of literature, mediacultural theory focuses on three pairs of contrasts: the uniqueness vs. commonality;the worship vs. presentation; and the suppositional meanings vs. overt image.Media culture theory views the commercialization of literature and art both as aprocess and a result. It concerns more of the historical process and influential factors, including the commercialization process, the capital constraints and themarket-oriented mechanisms in the production of the literary and art works4. Views of Contemporary Literature in Media CultureIncorporating a media culture perspective into the views of contemporaryliterature has a critical impact the current and future research in the field ofcontemporary literature, theatrically and empirically.In the research of ccontemporary literature and critiques, it is very important todiscuss the literary concepts and phenomena from the perspective of the media culture.Since1990s, some of the thoughts and interpretations in the literature theories arequite helpful in revealing the perspectives and attitudes of media culture.The influence of media culture on literature also indicates a significant change infield of contemporary literature. This change is more than environmental andimplemental meaning.It is primarily expressed in the increased use of media narrativein literature works. It is also manifested in the increasingly variety of traditionalliterature forms. Research on literature in New Media and the deepening of criticismsuggested some preliminary achievements in linking of the theories of literature withmedial culture.更多还原