【作者】 彭澎；

【导师】 石柏林；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 经济法学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 农村经济社会转型是一个自发的基于市场化改革而产生的社会宏观变迁,它的剧烈变动最终都体现和反射到农村社会的日常生活之中。日趋活跃的市场经济推动着农村社会主体的分化、利益的多元化、结构的分层化,利益成为人们关注、追求和维护的重点,而正是对利益的愈加认清和重视,就愈加需要对利益的表达渠道和机制进行调整和规范,特别是随着市场化发展而日渐觉醒的村民的民主意识、法治理念、权利思维、平等观念的不断增强,使得村民以前所未有的热情关注和参与农村社会政治事务,农村现有的基层治理模式和乡村民主政治体制面临着变革和调整的重任。现代经济学研究表明,经济的转型需要政治的扶住,即政治需要同步转型以形成同经济转轨的互补性效应。从某种程度上说,农村的经济社会转型是一个涵盖基层治理和农村政治在内的系统改革过程,在市场化导引下产生的系统中任何一个环节发展的滞后或者停顿都会给整个社会的转型带来不确定性结果,甚至带来转型的失败。这体现了农村经济社会转型的艰巨性和复杂性,也揭示了基层治理变革和乡村民主政治转型的必要性和必然性。作为农村治理模式和乡村民主政治体制的村民自治,成为了农村经济社会转型系统的有机构成,它的变革既是农村市场化改革发展的配套举措,更是农村经济社会转型不可或缺的系统环节。基层的治理变革既需要对农村基层社会的经济政治资源进行调整和组合,更需要在宪政理念的主导下进行自治制度的革新。基层治理的宪政化建设是农村经济社会转型期基层治理变革的方向,它立足于农村现实的社会背景,将宪政的理念、精神、价值和机理导入农村基层的宏观治理结构中,通过理顺乡村社会的权力结构,正确看待和处理国家与乡村、国家与农民之间的关系,建构农村基层的宪政治理模式,实现乡村的宪政治理秩序,发展和培育乡村的公民社会,从而实现农村基层的宪政社会化,以转变乡村的民主政治体制,实现基层政治文明和政治现代化发展,从下至上构建一种中国宪政建设的发展路径。基层治理的宪政化建设始终坚守二个理念：第一,坚持以基层治理的宪政化建设和农村政治转型来促进农村市场化的成长与发展,以顺应转型期农村经济社会发展的客观需要,将基层治理的宪政化建设与农村市场化改革进路匹配和关联起来,形成互动局面。第二,坚持用宪政理念、价值和机理来改造和重塑农村基层治理的制度体制与运行机制,构建起符合宪政要求的基层权力运行结构、乡村治理框架和民主政治体制,彰显基层治理变革的宪政精神。第三,坚持以基层治理的宪政化建设来提升农村社会的组织化水平,发展和培育农村公民社会,增强乡村社会的政治权利表达和接受能力及其对农村民主政治发展的实践意义,合理配置和平衡农村社会的经济发展资源,推进农村社会根本性的和谐稳定,进而实现农村政治文明和政治现代化发展。对于农村经济社会转型期基层治理变革和乡村民主政治发展而言,基层治理的宪政化建设代表着一种方向,成为一种趋势,可以拓展中国基层农民的自主自治性政治空间,指引着基层政治文明和政治现代化的发展方向,代表着一种中国式宪政建设道路。同时,也为中国农村问题的学术研究提供一种全新的方法论,一种新颖的理论学说,突破传统的研究路径,形成一种新的分析框架和研究视野,提升农村问题理论研究的整体性水平,引领着农村政治发展的研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural economic and social transformation is a voluntary market-based reform and the social macro changes, it ultimately reflects the dramatic changes in rural daily life. Increasingly active market economy promotes differentiation of rural social subject,diversification of interests, the structure of stratification, interests become focus to be pursued and be maintained, because it is clear to understand interests, it is extremely necessary to adjust and regulate the channels and mechanisms for expression of the interests, Especially with the increasingly market-oriented development,the consciousness of democracy, rule of law concept, and right thinking of the villagers’ sense continues to increase, which makes the villagers be concerned about and participate in social and political affairs in an unprecedented enthusiasm, the existing rural areas grass-roots self-governance model and rural democratic political system are faced with the task of change and adjustment. Modern econometric studies suggest that the transformation of economy requires political constraints, that means political transformation of the form need to synchronize with the complementary effects of economic transition.To some extent, the rural economic and social transformation is a systematic process covering rural grass-roots governance and rural politics, any part guided by the market system that is to delay or halt will cause uncertainty to society transformation, or even the failure of transformation. This reflects the difficulty and complexity of rural economic and social transformation, but also reveals the necessity and inevitability of rural.self-governance reform and rural grass-roots democratic political. The rural grass-roots self-government as part of rural governance model and rural democratic political system, becomes an organic composition of the rural economic and social transformation, its’changes are not only the measures for the market-oriented reforms, but also the essential systematic link for the rural economic and social transformation.Grassroots self-government both requires to adjust and mix the rural grass-roots social economic and political resources and to innovate under the concept of the constitutional system. Constitutional reform of grassroots self-government is based on the background of rural reality, which plant the concept, sprint, value and mechanisms of the constitution into the grass-roots self-governance macro structure, and it rationalizes the power structure of rural society, correctly views and handles the relationship between state and rural, state and peasants, to build the rural grass-roots constitutional governance model, to realize the rural constitutional order and develop and foster rural civil society, furthermore to realize the rural grass-roots of the constitutional society, then transform the rural’s democratic political system, to achieve grass-roots political civilization and political modernization, build a development path of China’s constitutional construction from the bottom. Grassroots self-governing constitutional change in governance has always been strictly adhered to three concepts:First, we should adhere to the constitutional change and political transition, to promote the growth and development of rural markets, to conform the objective needs of economic and social development in rural transition,and match and associate constitutional change with the rural market-oriented reforms,in order to form an interactive situation. Second, we should insist on constitutional philosophy, value system and mechanism for grass-roots self-government system and operational mechanism to transform and reshape and build the grassroots power structure to meet the constitutional requirements, rural governance framework and democratic political system, highlight the spirit of grassroots self-government constitutional change. Third, we should uphold the constitutional changes,enhance the organization level of rural society, develop and foster rural civil society, strengthen the ability to expression and acceptance of the political rights of rural society, and its impact on rural practical significance, rationalize and balanced economy development resources of rural society, promote a fundamental harmony and stability of rural society, and thus realize the rural development of political civilization and political modernization.For the grass-roots self-governance and democratic political development in rural economic and social transition, constitutional governance of the grass-roots self-governance represents a direction,becomes of a trend, which can expand the space of Chinese grass-roots farmers’ autonomy political, guide primary modern political civilization and political development, and also represent a Chinese-style constitutional road construction.Meanwhile, it also provides a new methodology and a novel theory for China’s rural problems in academic research. It breaks the traditional research path, forms a new analytical framework and research vision, enhances the integrity of theoretical studies in rural issues, and leads the research direction of political development in rural areas.更多还原