【作者】 江岳春；

【导师】 姚建刚；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 电力系统及其自动化， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 在开放的电力市场,电力配电系统起着非常重要和关键的作用。配电公司在电力市场中为用户提供输配电服务,是联系用户和电力系统的桥梁和纽带。它能影响市场的效率,并使市场更加可靠、安全和有益于各市场成员。因此,在电力市场环境下需对配电公司的运营作详细的分析和研究,以改进其短期和长期运营策略。论文按负荷预测、配电系统运营、可中断负荷及意义分类综述了已有的研究成果。配电系统具有结构复杂和设备量巨大的特点,导致其分析难度较大。放射式结构的广泛使用和馈线支路参数电阻与电抗比值较高的普遍性,造成其解决方法的局限性。潮流求解的结果可得到电压大小、电压角度、线路功率等参数。最优潮流是从电力系统稳定运营的角度来调整系统中各种控制设备的参数,在满足节点正常功率平衡及各种安全指标的约束下,实现目标函数最小化的优化过程；通常的目标函数是发电费用、发电耗量或全网的网损。论文从经济的角度出发,以配电系统总损耗作为目标函数,用33节点配电网络作为算例,利用配电最优潮流模型进行潮流计算。为了提高短期负荷预测速度和精度,提出了将模糊聚类分析和神经网络代数算法相结合的短期负荷预测方法。论文综合考虑天气、日类型、历史负荷等对未来负荷变化的影响,通过模糊聚类分析选取学习样本,找出与预测日相符的预测类别,采用神经网络代数算法训练样本,对24小时负荷(24点)每点建立一个预测模型。该方法充分发挥了神经网络和模糊理论处理非线性问题的能力,提高了学习效能,而且克服了传统反向传播算法存在的缺点。算例分析结果表明该方法有较高的预测精度,取得了令人满意的结果。论文提出了电力零售市场环境下配电系统总体运营框架。该运营框架是一个两阶段层次模型,第一阶段称为配电系统的第一阶段/目前运营模式。第二阶段涉及配电系统实时运营,称为第二阶段/实时运营模式。考虑需求波动或电力市场价格的变化,配电系统的运营架构应包括可供选择的日前24小时的电力供应准备方案,配电系统还必须监控时刻变化的批发市场价格和准确预测用户需求。日前运营模式的决策结果包括：网络购买、调度自备的分布式电源、订立可中断负荷合同,决策结果作为实时运营模式的约束；配电系统实时操作受到网络配置和需求响应的影响。系统存在分布式电源,并存在与用户签订可中断合同可能性,馈线潮流将明显不同于传统的配电系统。因此,配电系统支路损耗,电压分布和支路容量的余裕都将受到影响。配电系统十分注重日前决策,旨在使其短期成本最小化。论文用33节点配电网络作为算例对两阶段运营决策模型进行了研究,并构建了二个不同运营方案以分析配电公司的行为和决策。考虑到存在分布式电源及其对配电系统的影响,论文提出了将分布式电源敏感度系数概念纳入配电系统运营模式。敏感度系数反映了分布式电源对配电系统损耗的影响。在配电系统中,分布式电源对有功和无功功率损耗的影响的变化量被称为有功/无功增量损耗指数。考虑了敏感度系数的配电系统运营模式,旨在减少配电系统短期能源成本。论文用18节点配电网络作为算例进行了研究。包括太阳能、风能和小水电等具有不同技术特点的分布式电源参与配电系统的运营,急需一系列适应电力市场运营的理论及技术,包括竞价交易模式、电力市场技术支持系统等,以促进资源的优化配置、提高效率和降低成本。论文提出了具有不同技术特点的分布式电源参与的基于“容量合同+效率置换+实时市场”的发电竞价模式,力求为分布式电源发电竞价上网打下技术基础,为完善电力市场的管理发挥作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In an open electricity market, power distribution system plays a very important and key role, distribution companies in the electricity market to provide users with transmission and distribution services, is to contact the user and a bridge linking the power systems. It can affect the efficiency of markets and to market more reliable, safe and beneficial to all market members. Therefore, in the electricity market environment, distribution companies need to operate on a detailed analysis and research to improve its short-term and long-run strategy.Paper by load forecasting, distribution system operators, interruptible load, and meanings, and classification review of the existing research results.Trend of the results obtained solving the voltage magnitude, voltage angle, line power and other parameters. Distribution systems and equipment with a huge amount of complex structure characteristics, resulting in their analysis difficult. Structure of the widespread use of radiation and the feeder slip resistance and reactance parameters of the universality of the ratio higher, resulting in limitations of their solutions. Power system optimal power flow is from the perspective of stable operation of various control devices to adjust the system parameters to meet the normal nodes and various safety indicators power balance constraints, to achieve the objective function to minimize the optimization process; the usual objective function power generation costs, power consumption or the entire network of net losses. Papers from the economic point of view, the distribution system as the objective function of total loss, with33nodes distribution network as an example, optimal power flow model using distribution power flow calculation.In order to improve the speed and accuracy of short-term load forecasting,considering the combined influence of weather, day type and historical load data, a new short-term load forecasting method is put forward in which the learning samples are selected by the fuzzy clustering,finding out the category coincident with that of the daily load to be forecasted and using the neural network algebra algorithm, a forecasting model for each point in24points are established. This method gives sufficient play to the ability of processing non-linear problems by neural network and fuzzy theory, the learning efficiency are improved,and completely overcome the shortcoming of the traditional BP algorithm. The results show that the proposed method possesses better forecasting accuracy and the forecasting is satisfactory.Thesis, the retail electricity market operating under the framework of the overall distribution system. The operating framework is a two-stage hierarchical model, the first stage, known as the distribution system first stage operating mode/day ahead operating mode (FSOM/DAOM). The second stage involves real-time power distribution system operation, known as second stage operating mode/real-time operating mode (SSOM/RTOM). Consider the needs of the electricity market price fluctuations or changes in the operating structure of distribution system should include alternative electricity supply24hours before the program of preparation and distribution system must also monitor the ever-changing wholesale market prices and predict customer needs.FSOM/DAOM decision results, including:Online Shopping, scheduling their own distributed generating units, interruptible load contracts entered into the decision-making results as SSOM/RTOM constraints; distribution system network configuration and real-time operating under the impact of demand response. There is a distributed system unit power, and there can interrupt the contract signed with the user the possibility of the trend will be significantly different from the traditional feeder distribution system. Therefore, the slip distribution system losses, voltage distribution and branch capacity margin will be affected. Attaches great importance to decision-making power distribution system has to make short-term costs are minimized. Paper distribution network with33nodes as an example of a two-stage operational decision-making model was studied, and construct two different programs to analyze the distribution companies operating behavior and decision-making.Taking into account the existence of a distributed generator and the impact on the distribution system, the paper will be distributed generators into the distribution system sensitivity coefficient of the concept of operating modes. Sensitivity coefficient reflects the distribution systems of distributed generators on the impact of loss. In the distribution system, distributed generators active and reactive power on the impact of the change in loss is known as active/reactive power incremental loss index. Consider the sensitivity coefficient distribution system operating mode, power distribution systems designed to reduce short-term energy costs. Paper distribution network with18nodes was studied as an example.Including solar, wind and small hydropower stations with different technical characteristics of the DG units in distribution system operations, need to adapt to the electricity market operated by a series of theory and technology, including the auction mode, the power market technical support system, so as to promote the resources optimal allocation, increase efficiency and reduce costs. Thesis with different technical characteristics of DG units to participate based on "Capacity Contract+Efficiency displacement+Timely market," the power auction model, and strive for the DG unit power generation technology Bidding lay foundation for improving the management of the electricity market to play a role.更多还原