【作者】 何俊峰；

【导师】 赖明勇；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 应用经济学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 随着互联网应用的快速发展,用户数量和内容规模日益庞大。如何在均衡各方面利益的情况下给出最优定价策略是互联网经济学研究的关键问题之一。服务质量(QoS)和效用模型是当前互联网定价策略的主要内容。如果仅考虑用户的QoS等级,虽然可满足用户的服务质量需求,提高用户的满意度,但是互联网服务提供商(ISP)的设备部署和维护成本高,难以保证不断增多用户的服务质量；如果考虑效用模型,虽然可均衡ISP与用户之间的利益关系,降低ISP的设备部署和维护成本,但是难以不同用户的服务质量。QoS与效用模型相结合的互联网定价策略可综合利用这两种方法的互补优势,不仅采用QoS来提高用户的满意度,而且采用效用模型来均衡ISP与用户的利益。本文研究基于QoS和效用模型的互联网定价策略。对运营商互联网中的利益关系进行分析,同时考虑用户、ISP和其它ISP之间的利益关系,建立相应模型和开展仿真实验,从而验证其有效性和可行性。本文的主要贡献包括：(1)已有的互联网定价策略缺乏激励兼容性,难以提供任何激励约束机制来有效地使用互联网,并需要维护大量的状态信息,导致ISP成本较高。本文面向区分服务的互联网络定价策略,即在QoS服务级别引入效用模型,利用QoS和效用模型结合来建立定价模型及定价方法。本文首先按照不同用户的QoS需求,为不同用户分配最优的资源。在此基础上,获得满足客户满意度最大化和ISP的收益最大化的价格均衡点,用以均衡用户和ISP之间的利益。最后通过模拟实验验证了所提定价策略的可行性。(2)基于模型的定价策略存在机制不灵活等缺点,难以适应用户需求和资源负载的动态变化。基于使用率的定价策略存在计算复杂度大等缺点,导致收敛速度慢且难以实现。本文提出了一种网络拥塞敏感的互联网定价策略。考虑互联网拥塞情况,结合QoS、效用模型和拥塞控制等建立拥塞定价模型。为了抑制拥塞,引入了拥塞发生时的惩罚价格,如果用户产生了过多的流量导致拥塞发生,就对超出的流量收取惩罚费用。仿真实验结果表明,本文所提出的拥塞敏感的定价策略可以有效的抑制拥塞,而且具有计算量小,收敛速度快的优点。(3)本文提出一种基于纳什均衡的网络服务提供商互联定价策略。该策略在考虑QoS服务等级的情况下,为了减少ISP之间流量传输定价,采用博弈论中的纳什均衡方法分析ISP之间利益关系,探讨两个或多个ISP之间的互联网定价,从而确定最优的私有交换点设置条件。以及确定随时间变化的ISP之间最优连接的拓扑关系。仿真实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。(4)本文提出了一种基于纳什议价博弈的互联网混合市场定价策略。为了降低系统流量传输消耗,利用纳什议价博弈方法分析用户和ISP之间、ISP和其他ISP之间利益关系。从而确定最优ISP和ISP之间的连接方式以及用户和ISP之间的最优连接方式。仿真实验结果证明了所提策略的可行性和有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of Internet, the number of users and the content of Internet have become more and more large. How to design optimal pricing strategy to balance the benefit of users and ISP becomes very challenge. To solve this problem, current study design pricing strategy either from quality of service (QoS) aspect or from utility model. QoS sensitive pricing approaches mainly consider how to improve the satisfaction of users, while in this approach the ISP suffers from high cost of equipment development and maintenance. The utility model based pricing strategies can be used to balance the benefit between the users and the ISP, but it is difficult to satisfy the different requirement of different users. Joint solution of combining QoS and utility model can not only ensure the satisfaction of users but also balance the benefit of users and ISP.This dissertation focuses on network pricing strategy based on the joint solution of combining QoS and utility model. We explore the benefit-based relationships of operating networks by considering the benefits between users, ISPs and other ISPs. Furthermore, the corresponding models are built for network pricing, and extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of our models. Some creative works in this dissertation are mainly focused on the following aspects.(1) Existing pricing strategies lack incentive mechanism for the Internet usage and require high overhead of maintaining state information. We propose a diffServ-oriented network pricing strategy. The proposed strategy combines the utility model with the QoS to establish the pricing model and method. Firstly, based on the utility function, this paper allocates the optimal network resources to different users. Then, to balance the benefits between the users and the ISP, this paper computes the equilibrium price based on the resource allocation. At last, we conduct simulation experiments to validate the feasibility of our pricing strategy.(2) Existing model-based pricing strategy is difficult to meet the needs of users and the resource changes because it is not flexible. While existing usage-based pricing strategy leads to slow convergence speed and is hard to implementation because it has high computational complexity. This paper proposes a congestion sensitive pricing strategy which considers the combination of the QoS, utility model, and network congestion. In order to reduce the network congestion, a punishment price is introduced in the price strategy. Users should pay punishment price to the traffic beyond the allocated flow rate. Simulation results demonstrate that the congestion sensitive pricing strategy has the advantage of small amount of calculation, fast convergence speed and can efficiently reduce the congestion.(3) This paper proposes a Nash equilibrium based pricing strategy for optimal ISP inter-connection. By considering the QoS levels, in order to reduce the transmission price between ISPs, we use the Nash equilibrium of the game theory to analyze the benefit relationships of ISPs and make optimal network pricing among two or more ISPs. This strategy can ensure the optimal topological relations between ISPs varying with time. Simulation results demonstrate the affectivity of the proposed strategy.(4) This paper proposes a network pricing strategy for Internet market based on Nash bargaining game. In order to reduce the flow transmission consumption of the system, this strategy not only considers the benefit relationship among the ISPs but also the relationship between the ISP and users by using Nash bargaining game of Nash equilibrium. This strategy can not only determine topological relations between ISPs, and the relationship between the ISP and users. Both mathematical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the affectivity and feasibility of the proposed strategy.更多还原