【作者】 赵明生；

【导师】 张建华； 叶海旺；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 随着中深孔台阶爆破规模的扩大,工程爆破所带来的危害也随之增加,尤其是爆破振动危害,更受到了普遍的关注和重视。然而由于爆破地震波本身的瞬时性、突变性、爆破介质和赋予条件的复杂性及爆区周围受控结构类型的多样性,导致爆破振动效应的研究及爆破振动灾害的主动控制依然是一个非常复杂的课题。本文通过查阅大量相关参考文献,在国内外爆破振动效应研究成果的基础上,结合“金堆城露天矿装药工艺及起爆网路参数优化研究”、“贵州科技计划项目(SY2010365)：混装车现场装药技术研究”、“中联水泥有限公司南阳分公司爆破振动监测”、“宜昌市兴山县香溪河大桥旁宜巴高速路堑开挖控制爆破振动监测”、“华新水泥(恩施)有限公司爆破振动监测”等项目的大量实测数据,利用现场试验、信号分析技术、数值计算及结构动力学理论对爆破地震波频带能量分布特性以及爆破振动作用下结构的弹性、弹塑性能量反应,爆破振动的安全判据和降振最佳微差时间的选取进行了深入系统的探讨。(1)通过仿真试验验证了AOK时频分布在爆破地震波时频特性分析中的有效性。利用AOK时频分布与小波分析相结合的方法对不同条件的爆破地震波进行时频分析,研究了爆破条件对爆破地震波频带能量的分布规律。(2)针对爆破振动速度信号直接数值微分所获取的加速度时程曲线含有较高的噪声成分,将EEMD引入到爆破地震波的去噪处理。通过仿真试验验证了EEMD可以解决EMD模式混叠的固有缺陷,更能充分保留信号本身所固有的非平稳特性,更合适于爆破振动信号的降噪处理。(3)利用实测的爆破地震波并通过人工调整的方法对不同振速峰值、主频以及持续时间的爆破地震波进行反应谱分析,验证了反应谱理论只能反映爆破振动振速峰值、频谱特性,而无法反映持续时间的缺陷和不足。(4)为了克服反应谱理论的缺陷和不足,建立了弹性SDOF能量反应方程,并以实测爆破地震波进行了能量反应分析,重点以输入能量谱进行了研究。分析了爆破地震波3要素以及结构的固有参数对输入能量谱的影响规律。(5)针对弹性体系输入能量谱并没有考虑到结构塑性累积损伤的不足,利用Newmark-β时程分析方法与双线型恢复力模型对爆破振动作用下弹塑性SDOF结构的能量反应机理进行分析,重点以能反映结构塑性累积损伤的滞回耗能谱进行了研究。分析了爆破地震波3要素、结构固有参数以及恢复力模型参数对滞回耗能谱的影响,探讨了不同爆破条件对滞回耗能谱的影响规律。(6)针对结构在爆破地震波作用下发生破坏的2种形式,提出以能反映首次超越破坏的最大瞬时输入能量与能反映塑性累积损伤破坏的滞回耗能作为爆破地震危害的双重准则判据,并结合工程实例验证了该双重准则的全面性、科学性、合理性。(7)利用双重准则进行了降振微差间隔时间的选取。首先采用高精度数码雷管进行了现场试验,认为爆心距不同,爆破地震波的叠加位置也不同。因此对于合理降振微差间隔时间的选取应考虑爆心距这个重要因素。然后结合结构在爆破地震波作用下的破坏机理对不同爆心距下降振的最佳微差间隔时间进行了选取,并在实际工程爆破中加以应用,验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。本文基于能量的观点对中深孔台阶爆破进行了探索和研究,研究成果为多因素安全判据的确定提供了理论基础,对爆破振动效应的主动控制有着重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the expansion of moderate-long hole bench blasting, the harm caused by engineer blasting increases accordingly, which is widely noticeed by blasting engineers, especially for blasting vibration. However, because of the instantaneity of blasting seismic wave, mutability, complexity of blasting medium and condition, and the diversity of structure type around the blasting area, it is still a very complicated project to study blasting vibration effect and control vibration harm. Through consulting a large number of related references, based on the research achievement of blasting vibration effect home and abroad, combining projects such as parameters optimization of charging and blasting in JinDuiCheng Open-pit mine, Science and Technology Plan Project(SY2010365)——mixing charging technology research of Mixing-loading Truck, blasting vibration monitoring of China United Cement Company Limited Nanyang branch, cutting excavation control blasting vibration monitoring of Yi-Ba High Speed near XiangXi River Bridge in Xingshan County China, blasting vibration monitoring of HuaXin cement(EnShi) Company Limited, blasting seismic wave band energy distribution character and elastic and elastic-plastic energy responses in blasting vibration, safety criterion and active control of blasting vibration were studied with field test, signal analysis technology, numerical calculation and structural dynamics theory.(1) Firstly, simulation tests show that it is very effective to use AOK time frequency distribution to analyze time frequency characteristic of blasting seismic wave. And blasting seismic wave frequence band energy under different conditions was studied by combining the AOK time frequency distribution and wavelet analysis method.(2) According to acceleration-time curve obtained by blasting vibration velocity signal directly with higher noise contribution, EEMD is used to de-noising treatment of blasting seismic wave. Simulation tests show that EEMD can overcome the defects of EMD model and keep the most of non-stationary character of signal inherent, which is suit to noise reduction of blasting vibration signal.(3) By analyzing the measured blasting seismic wave and the response spectrum analysis of blasting seismic wave with different peak of vibration velocity and dominant frequency and duration, the results show that the response spectrum analysis can not analyze the duration of blasting vibration wave.(4) To overcome the defect of response spectrum theory, elasticity SDOF energy responses equation was established and energy responses analysis was processed with measured blasting seismic wave, especially for input energy spectrum. The influences of three elements and structural inherent parameter to the input energy spectrum were analyzed.(5) Newmark-β time-history analysis method and bilinear restoring force model were used to analyze elastic-plastic SDOF structural energy responses mechanism under the action of blasting vibration, especially for hysteresis energy dissipation spectrum that can reflect structural plasticity accumulated damage. The influences of blasting seismic wave three elements, structural inherent parameters and restoring force model parameters to hysteresis energy dissipation spectrum were analyzed, and hysteresis energy dissipation spectrum under different blast conditions was also analyzed.(6) According to the two forms of structure destructed under the action of blasting seismic wave, a double standard criterion to blasting seismic wave harm which were the first time exceeding destructive max instantaneous input energy the and hysteresis energy dissipation reflected plasticity accumulated damage was put forward. And the scientificalness and reasonableness were tested by actural projects.(7) Double standard was used to control hazard effects of blasting vibration forwardly. Field tests were done using high precision digital detonator showed that different blast center distance would deduce the different overlap position of blasting seismic wave. Therefore, blast center distance should be considered when selecting reasonable decreasing vibration delay time. And reasonable decreasing vibration delay time at different blast center distance was seleced according to the structure breakage mechanism and engineering applications showed that it was feasible and effective.Moderate-long hole bench blasting vibration reseach based on energy analysis, was carried out. Research results provide theoretical foundation for confirming final multifactor safety criterions, which have important theoretical significance and engineering practical value for active control of blasting vibration effects.更多还原