【作者】 赵亮；

【导师】 康书生；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 世界经济， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 县作为一级行政主体出现于春秋时期，是我国最基本的行政单元，是区域研究的一个重点，加快发展县域经济是解决经济社会中一系列突出矛盾，保证我国经济又好又快发展的基础。金融是现代经济的核心，对经济的发展具有重要的推动作用。区域经济理论和区域金融理论为研究县域金融及银行业发展奠定了坚实基础。县域金融体系中银行业机构是主体，占据县域金融资产的90%以上，是县域经济发展的资金池，决定了县域自身可用于经济发展投资的总规模，所以构建完善的县域银行业体系对我国经济发展具有重要战略意义。县域银行业体系的建设目前正处于转折点，上世纪末期，以国有银行为代表的金融机构为减少成本，寻找更好发展空间，曾大规模撤出县域，将业务中心放在城市，导致县域银行业体系发展及不平衡。进入21世纪以来，随着县域经济的发展，银行业机构对县域市场逐步关注，出现进军县域金融市场的趋势。如何借此时机改变县域资金向大中型城市流动，造成县域经济“失血”现象，并提高县域银行业体系对实体经济的支持力度具有重要意义。国外区域性中小银行或社区银行在支持地方经济发展，尤其是支持中小企业发展方面具有丰富的经验，美国的社区银行发展具有典型的区域性，在特定化境下实现服务小微企业的功能，对我国县域银行发展具有重要启示。我们应当在借鉴国外经验的基础上，正确分析当前县域银行业以农村信用社为主体，国有商业银行及邮政储蓄银行为重要补充的形势，探讨我国县域银行业体系的优化路径。本文认为县域银行体系的主体应是以县域为经营范围的社区银行，在打造符合我国县域经济发展的社区银行基础上发挥各类银行作用，支持县域经济发展。一是改造农村信用社等地方法人机构为农村商业银行，即县域社区银行，提升其管理水平和服务本地的能力；二是发挥国有大型商业银行、城市商业银行、股份制商业银行等管理水平较高、风险防控能力较强、科技含量较高等优势，引领县域银行业体系整体水平再上新台阶；三是继续发挥政策性银行支农作用。银行业体系优化的关键是与地方经济发展相协调，既不能供血不足，又不能过剩而产生通胀等负面作用。因此银行业体系的整体发展规模要与经济发展规模（主要指标为GDP）相互适应。我国县域范围广阔，需要根据中、东、西部地区县域发展实际来进行实证分析。本文以我国百强县经济发展指标和银行业体系发展指标为基础，分析建立适合我国县域经济发展的银行体系规模量化模型，这对当前县域经济金融发展具有重要指导意义。量化县域银行业规模，使其控制在与县域经济相适应的阶段，这样可以使县域资金得到充分的运用而不浪费。在我国行政体制下，银行业体系建设不仅需要内部发展需求，也要有外部指导和规范，避免恶性竞争及市场层次不清等问题出现，所以银行业体系建设过程中的外部监管体系要进行优化，从而适应银行业体系的改革，县域银行业监管体系应在保持与国家银行业监管体系一致的前提下，借鉴国外先进经验，完善县域银行业监管体系，调动县域各个层面积极性，共同维护好县域经济金融发展。县域银行业体系的建设是一项系统性工程，并不是金融机构的简单叠加，必须对县域市场进行深入研究，分层设立银行业机构，既照顾重点项目、基础设施、农业的发展，更要考虑占经济总量绝对地位的大量中小企业项目，同时改善外部环境，为银行业体系优化创造良好的条件，使县域经济得到良好发展的同时，促进银行业的蓬勃发展，更好助力实体经济的腾飞。更多还原

【Abstract】 County as an administrative subject appeared in the Chunqiu period, it is China’s mostbasic administrative unit, and it is a key point in the research of area theory, to speed up thedevelopment of county economy is to solve a series of prominent contradiction betweeneconomy and society, and ensure our country economy and rapid development. Finance is thecore of modern economy, has an important role for the development of economy. Regionaleconomic theory and regional financial theory has laid a solid foundation for the research ofcounty financial and banking development. The banking industry organization is the mainbody in the county financial system, occupy more than90%of the county financial assets. Itis the fund pool of county economic development, offer the county total investment scalewhich can be used for the economic development. So the good county banking system hasstrategic significance on our country’s economic development. The construction of the countybanking system is currently in the turning point. Then years ago, the state-owned Banks, as arepresentative of the financial institutions, decided to reduce cost, looking for betterdevelopment space, had withdrawn from large-scale county, the main business had ben put incenter city, that made the county banking system development imbalanced. In the21stcentury, with the development of county economy, banking institutions has payed moreattention on county market gradually, trended to set more branches in county. We should takethis opportunity to change the phenomenon of capital flowing to large and medium-sized city,which cause the county economy "blood loss", and improve the county banking system tosupport the economic entity.Foreign regional Banks or small community Banks support local economic developmentdeeply, especially supporting the small and medium-sized enterprise development has richexperience. The American community Banks have the typical regional character, in the basiclevel to support and service the micro enterprises of county, is an inspiration to thedevelopment of our county banks. We should draw lessons from foreign experience, and onthe basis of the analysis of the current state that is the rural credit cooperatives as the main body of county banking industry, the state-owned commercial Banks and the postal savingsbank for an important supplement of the situation, to discuss how to optimize the China’sbanking system and find the path. This paper argues that the main body of the county banksystem should be the community banks whose scope of business are the county. Based oncommunity Banks wich conform to our country county economic development, we shouldencourage all kinds of Banks play a role to support the development of county economy. First,reforming the rural credit cooperatives and the corporations of rural commercial Banks,conducting to county community banks, improve their management and the ability of serviceto the local. Second,encouraging state-owned commercial Banks, urban commercial Banks,shareholding commercial banks and urban commercial banks play advantages wich are highermanagement level, risk prevention and control ability strong, higher science and technologycontent, and leading the county banking system to a new level. Third, we should continue tosupport policy Banks play a role in agriculture sector.The key of Banking system optimization is to coordinate with local economicdevelopment, neither make the county economy losing blood, nor superfluous and produceinflation negative effect etc, thus the scale of banking system and economic development(main index for GDP) should adapt to each other. The wide range of China’s county, weshould according the eastern and west regions’ development to do the actual empiricalanalysis. This paper by our top100country’s economic development indicators and amongthe banking system development index as the foundation, analysing and building the bankingsystem quantification model scale which adapt to the county economy development.Thesehas important significance for the current economic and financial development of county.Quantitative county banking scale, make its control in county economy and adapt to currentstage, we could make county funds be full used and no waste.In China’s administrative system, banking system construction not only need the internaldevelopment, also want to have external guide and regulate to avoid vicious competition andmarket unclear level problems etc, so the banking system in the process of constructionshould carry on the optimization of external supervision system, which adapt to the reform of the banking system, county banking regulation system should be in the national bankingsupervision system and keep the same premise, and learn from foreign advanced experience,improving county banking supervision system, mobilize the enthusiasm of county all levelsadministrative units, to jointly maintain the county economic and financial development.County banking system construction is a systematic engineering, and not the simple sum offinancial institutions, it is necessary to further study the county market, set up bankinginstitutions layered, not only take care of key projects, infrastructure, the development ofagriculture, but also to consider more about the large number of small and medium-sizedenterprise, which absolutly have the important status in the whole economy, at the same time,we should improve the external environment for the banking system optimization,and tocreate the good conditions, in order to get good county economy development and promotebanking of booming development, better power entity economy development.更多还原