【作者】 彭欣；

【导师】 曾长秋；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 伦理学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 当代人间佛教的重要实践家星云法师依据“立于传统,超越传统”的原则,推动当代佛教的人间化、通俗化、现代化、年轻化、生活化、制度化、国际化发展,由此,也奠定了星云人间佛教伦理理论与实践的基调和基础,使其伦理理念与践行方式和传统佛教伦理相比,具有鲜明的时代性、普世性、融和性特征,同时也保持了其宗教伦理的神圣性。本文以从总论到分论的方式,探索了星云人间佛教伦理思想。其佛教伦理的基本特征是建构在现世人间基础之上,特别强调以佛教善美理念来调解和化导个人、家庭、社会、自然、国际之间的各种关系。依据佛教关于宇宙、人生的普遍法则“缘起”观和善恶道德的基础“因果”观,并结合现代社会特征,星云发展出了融和世出世间、传统现代、自利利他的人间佛教伦理内涵、现代伦理理念与道德实践方式,这是星云人间佛教伦理的理论建构部分,这部分伦理理论也是他个体道德、家庭伦理、社会伦理和生命伦理思想的理论来源。传统佛教伦理主要用于调节宗教内僧信四众为核心的各种人际伦理关系。人间佛教的人间性和生活性,决定了星云的视角更加广阔,因而他对个体道德、现代家庭伦理、管理伦理、经济伦理等,都做了佛教伦理视角的解读,进一步他又对生命伦理、生态伦理等应用伦理学前沿主题表达了人间佛教伦理向度的解读,显示了人间佛教不退缩,勇于介入现代生活的勇气,从而使人间佛教伦理的调节范围大大超越了传统佛教伦理以独善其身为主的小乘佛教(声闻佛教)伦理和以居家伦理为主的人乘佛教伦理,这也正体现了以出世精神做入世事业的菩萨乘佛教伦理(或者也可叫大乘佛教伦理)的特点,实际上人间佛教伦理既区分了由人本道德至菩萨道德的境界序列,二者又统一在大乘佛教伦理框架之中。契理契机的人间佛教被认为是佛法在现代社会应世的最佳工具,因此,随着星云人间佛教实践的深入和全球视野的形成,他的思想意识中也逐步确立了欢喜融和、同体共生、尊重包容、平等和平等富含现代气质的伦理理念,这些理念具有区别传统佛教伦理、超越宗教、蕴含普世价值的现代特征,他也以此来处理人与人、人与家庭、社会、人与自然、国与国、宗教与宗之间的各种关系。不管是在他的个体伦理、家庭伦理、社会伦理以至于生命伦理的论述中,这些理念都普遍适用。当今世界充满着差异、冲突、对立,而星云则力图调合一切差别,包括传统与现代、出世与入世、世俗与神圣、自利与利他、在家与出家,甚至古今中外所有佛学、佛教各宗各派、不同民族、信仰、国家,在他看来,这些差别都可以共存。而他也正是通过五乘佛法的理论建构,使融和成为可能。因为人天乘、声闻缘觉乘、菩萨乘正好涵盖了不同层次的道德要求。所以传统价值观中的忠、孝思想与现代价值强调的民主、平等、自由精神经过星云法师的阐释都可以共存。因而,正是基于对道德层次性的认同,星云人间佛教伦理思想具有广泛的适应性,涵盖了功利论、义务论和德性论等多个层面,从而能够适应不同层次、不同境遇下人们的道德需求。文章在分论部分重点论述了星云法师人间佛教伦理思想的现代运用,包括伦理管理思想、经济伦理思想和生命伦理思想,突出了其实践伦理和应用伦理的特色,体现了与传统佛教伦理思想不同的现代特色。总体而言,星云的人间佛教伦理思想是人本导向和人生取向、生活导向和生命取向、实践导向和理想取向的,它以人为核心,展开了关于人与自身、人与人、人与家庭、社会、人与自然等各种关系的基于人间佛教立场的诠释与调治。相对于传统佛教伦理,星云的人间佛教伦理是一种入世更深,应世、普世、化世更广的宗教伦理,从其化世效果和道德影响力来说,星云所推行的人间佛教伦理是将宗教伦理与世俗伦理融和在一起的成功典范。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the principle "basing on and surmounting the tradition", Master Hsing Yun, the important practitioner of Humanistic Buddhism in the present age, further develops the contemporary Buddhism into a popularized, modernized, systematized and internationalized one, which takes root in the human world and daily life and spreads among the young. Thus, the keynote and foundation of the theories and practices of Humanistic Buddhism get established. Compared with those of traditional Buddhism, the ethical ideologies and practice patterns of Humanistic Buddhism are obviously epochal, universal and integrated, maintaining the sanctity of their religious ethics.The author of this thesis explores Master Hsing Yun’s Humanistic Buddhism in terms of the general-to-detail pattern. The essential feature of Humanistic Buddhism is that it takes root in the secular human world, with special emphasis on utilizing Buddhism ideologies on goodness and beauty to mediating all kinds of relationships among individuals, families, societies, natures and international countries. Considering features of the modern society, and basing on the Buddhist "Origin ideology" on the universe and life, and the Cause-effect ideology of morality, Master Hsing Yun has developed the ethical connotations, modern ethical ideologies and moral practice patterns of Humanistic Buddhism, which is the result of the integration of the human world and the other world, tradition and modern, self benefit and altruism. These are the theory basis of Master Hsing Yun’s Humanistic Buddhism, and also the source of his theories on the individual morality, family ethics, social ethics as well as life ethics.The moral principles of the traditional Buddhism mainly aim at mediating the ethical relationships among monks and disciples of the same religion. In contrast, the perspectives of Humanistic Buddhism are broader because it takes roots in human world and their daily life. Therefore, Master Hsing Yun interprets the individual morality, modern family ethics, management ethics and economic ethics from the perspective of Buddhist moral principles. What’s more, Humanistic Buddhism has been employed to interpreting the applied ethics like life ethics and ecological ethics, showing its courage of getting involved in the modern life. Thus, the adjustable range of Humanistic Buddhism has greatly surpassed traditional Theravada Buddhism which pays attention to its own uplift only, and Human Life Buddhism that gives priority to Household ethics. This happens to reflect the characteristics of Mahayana Buddhism which teaches people to deal with the material world with the above-worldly considerations. Actually, Humanistic Buddhism not only distinguishes the realm order from human morality to Bodhisattva morality, but also unites them into the moral frame of Mahayana Buddhism.Humanistic Buddhism is regarded as the best instrument in employing Buddhist doctrines in the modern society. Thus, with the penetration of the practice of Humanistic Buddhism and the formation of its global perspective, Master Hsing Yun has establishes his modern ethical ideologies like joy and integration, symbiosis with the body, respect and tolerance, equality and peace. All these ideologies possess modern features, which are different from those of traditional Buddhism ethics, surpassing the religion and containing universal values. He utilizes these ideologies in handling the relationship of man and man, or of man, family and society, man and nature, nation and nation, religion and religion. All of them are universally applicable in discussing Master Hsing Yun’s individual ethics, family ethics, social ethics as well as his life ethics.Nowadays, there are diversities, conflicts and clashes all around the world. Master Hsing Yun is trying hard to reconcile all these differences, including those between tradition and modern times, secular customs and sacred ones, self benefit and altruism, being a common person and being a Buddhist. As far as Master Hsing Yun is concerned, even the differences between all kinds of Buddhism, those between inner sections of Buddhism, or different nationalities, beliefs, and countries can survive together. His theories on the five initial approaches for people to become a Buddhist believer make the integration of all differences possible, for they can meet all kinds of people’s moral demands. According to Master Hsing Yun’s interpretation, the loyalty and filial piety of traditional values can survive together with the democracy, equality and freedom of modern values. All in all, basing on his identification of moral hierarchy, Hsing Yun’s Humanistic Buddhism possesses extensive adaptability, covering utilitarian theories, deontological theories, and moral theories. Thus, his Humanistic Buddhism can meet the moral demands of people from different levels and different situations.The detailed discussion part of this thesis focuses on the modern application of Master Hsing Yun’s Humanistic Buddhism moral ideologies, including ethical management ideologies, economic ethical ideologies, and life ethical ideologies. The discussion highlights the distinguishing features of its practical ethics as well as the applied ethics, displaying its modern features which are different from those of traditional Buddhism moral ideologies.All in all, Master Hsing Yun’s Humanistic Buddhism is the people and life oriented, practice and ideal oriented one, which center on human beings, carrying out interpretation and mediation on all kinds of relationships like that of man and himself, man and man, man, family and society, man and nature in view of Humanistic Buddhism. Compared with moral principles of traditional Buddhism, Master Hsing Yun’s Humanistic Buddhism is the kind of religious ethics that is deeper rooted in the society, whose application is more universal. Therefore, considering its universal application on the society and its moral influences, Master Hsing Yun’s Humanistic Buddhism ethics is a successful model of blending religious ethics and secular customs.更多还原