【作者】 杨超；

【导师】 刘盛钢；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 等离子体物理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 目前，基于全球ITER计划，大量关于中性束注入等离子热核研究正在各国进行中。由于负氢离子的中性化效率高，在热核实验发挥着至关重要作用，因此负氢离子源的研究具有较大意义。为了提升国内负氢离子源模拟方面的技术水平以及赶超国外研究水平，本论文旨在开发全三维粒子模拟与蒙特卡罗相结合（particle-in-cell plus Monte Carlo Collision,简写为PIC/MCC）模拟算法以及探索负氢离子源放电特性，主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1．蒙特卡罗方法在阳极栅网（Foil）中的运用及矩形永磁体的数值计算。理论分析了电子与Foil碰撞过程，在CHIPIC平台下，运用蒙特卡罗算法，结合经验散射公式，研制了全三维Foil计算模块，结合虚阴极振荡器进行验证。采用有限差分方法推导了直角坐标系矩形永磁体差分格式，并与理论计算结果进行了对比。2．负氢离子源放电过程中电子能量沉积全三维PIC/MCC算法研制。分析了负氢离子源中等离子体物理机制，研究并优化粒子模拟方法和蒙特卡罗碰撞算法的基本处理技术，设计高效的粒子存储方法。考虑等离子体势以及带电粒子间库仑碰撞，研制了全三维电子能量沉积PIC/MCC算法，并与国外实验对比验证。3．JAERI10A离子源三维模拟优化与体积产生机制探索。探索了JAERI10A多峰离子源中电子空间非均匀的起因，并提出了两种空间均匀性优化方案；分析了气压、引出磁场、放电电极位置以及放电初始能量等主要因素对负氢离子的体积产生效率的影响，得到了离子源参数优化方案。4．多峰质子源与J-PARC离子源放电机制模拟研究。揭示了多峰质子源中电子空间及能量分布情形，分析了J-PARC多峰离子源放电特性，以及讨论了校正磁体位置对其体积产生效率的影响，为国内离子源的开发提供理论指导。5．中性粒子传输及负氢离子表面产生全三维PIC/MCC算法研制。理论分析了中性粒子传输机理，其中包括：电离、交换电荷碰撞，以及氢原子与边界的相互作用；完善并发展了负氢离子源中负氢离子表面产生物理机制，研制了全三维中性粒子传输及负氢离子表面产生模拟程序，并结合国外成果进行模拟验证。6．JAERI10A离子源负氢离子表面产生研究及引出算法研制。将上述电子能量沉积和中性传输模块有机地结合起来，并对负氢离子源从放电始端到负氢离子表面产生的整个过程进行数值模拟，揭示了负氢离子空间非均匀性的起因，并分析了壁材料、氢正离子温度、产率函数等主要因素对负氢离子表面产率的影响。此外，设计了负氢离子引出过程数值模拟算法，并研究了放电室气压对JAERI10A离子源中负氢离子引出的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, based on the global ITER plan, more and more countries all over theworld are involved in the research of neutral bunch of injection plasma thermonucleartechnology. Due to the high neuter efficiency of negative hydrogen ion(H-), negativehydrogen ion source has been crucial to thermonuclear experiment. Therefore, it hasfar-reaching significance for the research of negative hydrogen ion source. In order tofill the domestic blank for the simulation research of negative hydrogen ion source andcatch up with the abroad level, this proposed paper aims to develop an algorithm of thefull3D particle-in-cell plus Monte Carlo collision, and study the discharge propertiesof negative hydrogen ion source. This thesis mainly includes the following parts:1. Application of Monte Carlo method in the Foil and numerical calculation of therectangular permanent magnet. The process of the collision between electron and theFoil is theoretically analyzed. In CHIPIC flat, a full3D Foil calculation module isdeveloped based upon the Monte Carlo method and the empirical scattering formula,which is proved by virtual cathode oscillator. With the finite difference method, thepermanent magnet difference formula is deduced under the rectangular coordinatesystem, which is compared with the result of theoretical calculation.2. Study of a full3D PIC/MCC simulation algorithm for the electron energydeposition in the discharge process of negative hydrogen ion source. Based on theanalysis of the plasma physics mechanism in negative hydrogen ion source, thefundamental techniques of PIC and MCC algorithm are studied respectively and thehighly efficient storage method is designed. With the plasma potential and coulombcollisions, the full3D PIC/MCC algorithm of the electron energy deposition isdeveloped, which is proved by overseas experiment.3.3D optimized simulation of JAERI10A ion source and exploration of volumeproduction mechanism. The reason of electron space is non-uniform in the JAERI10Amulti-cusp ion source is explored, and two schemes about space uniformityoptimization are put forward. The volume production efficiency of H-is analyzed interms of various factors, such as pressure, filter magnetic field, discharge electrode location and initial discharge energy. And then, the optimized scheme of parameters inion source is acquired.4. Study of the discharge mechanism of J-PARC ion source and the multi-cusoproton source. The space and energy distribution of electron in multi-cusp protonsource is revealed. And then, the discharge characteristic of J-PARC ion source isanalyzed, and the efficiency of volume production influnenced by the position ofcorrect magnet is discussed. These studies give a theoretical guidance for thedevelopment of domestic ion source.5. Development of the full3D PIC/MCC algorithm for neutral particlestransmission and H-surface production. Neutral particles transmission mechanism istheoretically analyzed. The ionization process, charge exchange collision, theinteraction between the boundary and the hydrogen atoms are taken intoaccount. The H-surface-produced physical mechanism in the negative hydrogen ionsource is improved and developed. A full3D program for the simulation of neutralparticles transmission and H-surface production is developed, which has been provedby overseas achievements.6. Study of the H-surface production in JAERI10A ion source and thedevelopment of the H-extraction algorithm. The electron energy deposition and theneutral transmission module combined as an organic whole and the process from thebeginning of discharge to H-surface production of negative hydrogen ion source issimulated, which indicate the cause of H-spatial non-uniformity. The surfaceproduction efficiency of H-is analyzed in terms of several factors, such as wallmaterials, temperature of H+, and yield function. In addition, a numerical simulationalgorithm for H-extraction process is designed, and the different pressure effect on H-extraction efficiency in the JAERI10A ion source is discussed.更多还原