【作者】 赵霞；

【导师】 孙之梅；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 陈去病是民国时期重要的政治活动家、革命家、诗人、学者,字佩忍,又字巢南,江苏吴江县同里镇人。在近代这一复杂的社会大环境中,深受吴地文化浸染的陈去病在思想上经历了数次改变,最终选择举起革命义旗。多重身份让陈去病兼跨数个领域,并于文献辑录、社团组织、诗文创作等方面有着杰出的表现。本论文着眼于对这样一位经历复杂的民国要人作系统分析并最终产生合理评价,论文主要从五个部分加以剖析阐述：首章论陈去病的家世与生平,陈去病所在的吴地不仅有着良好的教养传统与深厚的文化底蕴,同时也有着根深蒂固的民族思想与遗民情结,而当地的集会结社行为更是成为一种传统,所有这些无不对陈去病日后的文学思想与政治活动以深远的影响。在本章中,除对于陈去病家乡的整体环境与其具体的成长背景作出分析,着重于梳理陈去病的政治活动与任教经历,二者中以前者为重,在一段时期内,政治活动一度成为陈去病生命的重心和一切活动的出发点与最终目的,在政治方面极为活跃的陈去病与民国政要关系颇为密切,文章选取最具有代表性的人物孙中山及三位国民党元老,通过与他们的交往活动更加全面地了解陈去病的政治思想。次章侧重于陈去病的文化活动,具体可分为两部分,即文献整理活动与文化实业活动。陈氏整理文献有鲜明特点,文献中是原始资料,陈氏往往在此基础上自行编排,以求达到更好的效果,因此其中常常出现创作与原文献杂糅的情况,这一点在遗民文献整理方面尤为突出,由于其中绝大部分仍然是来源于史料,因此仍将这一部分带有创作性质的作品划归于文献整理方面。而对于清史文献,陈氏出于民族革命的目的,野史稗言亦充其间,以上两类多于辛亥革命之前整理创作,而乡邦文献则是贯穿始终,同是文献整理但原因各异,受到地方自治等社会思潮影响是陈氏热衷于乡邦文献整理很重要的原因,因此需要分而论述。文化实业则大致包含创办报纸与创建学校两类,由于陈去病多是与人合办学校,典型意义不及前者,因此,创办报纸在此章做重点分析,尤以中国第一份专门的戏曲改良理论与实践结合的报刊《二十世纪大舞台》为重中之重。从一份刊行仅两期的报刊为切入点,透析晚清戏剧改良运动的发展进程,《二十世纪大舞台》在其中所起到的承上启下的关键作用,进而对于晚清政坛上的三方势力：清政府、改良派与革命派在改良运动中所扮演的不同角色、特定原因下对新生事物产生的正向推动力作出正面评价,深化文章内涵。在综合考量了陈去病的文化活动之后,本章以一节的篇幅探讨陈去病的文化观念与价值取向,从思想倾向、价值观与文化观念三方面深入解析其性格中固有的矛盾状态,以此为基点,有助于从更深层次理解陈去病的价值选择与文化立场。第三章是论文的重点,文章将研究的目光集中到社团组织。陈去病所发起、创建的社团共计有六个,社团活动在他的文化活动中占据着相当大的比重。在南社之前,陈去病发起的社团有黄社、神交社、秋社和匡社,这四个社团有着不同的特点,或是单纯因政治目的而起,或是已具备文社雏形,维持时间短成为其共性,也已暴露出陈去病创办社团多有头无尾的缺点。南社与陈去病的关系是本章的重点,论文以南社的酝酿发起及陈去病参加的南社活动两节的篇幅梳理南社这一团体在兴起与发展过程中,作为发起人之一的陈去病在其中所扮演的角色,之后,选取有代表性的南社成员柳亚子、徐自华二人,分别论述陈去病与他们的交往唱和活动,从个人关系研究角度出发。南社行将解体之时,陈去病的态度极具代表性,他在新南社与南社湘集这两个宗旨截然相反的南社衍生社团之间摇摆不定,充分地印证着其思想上的矛盾性。其后,文章致力于探讨陈去病与南社之间更深层次的关系,对于陈去病而言,南社是他精神层面上“姿态”的延续,是民国建立之后个人“笃旧”情怀的寄托,更是他革命事业中的有力工具;对于南社而言,陈去病的意义同样不容小觑,他不仅是南社发展前期的主盟者,南社史是依靠陈去病杰出的社会活动能力才得以打通地域隔断,扩大社团影响力,在一定意义上,陈去病已经成为了南社精神上的一种象征。本章的最后一节综观陈去病发起的若干社团组织之后,对其这一行为作出得失评点,除了反清立场的一成不变,政治角色的高调介入,提携后辈的不遗余力等方面,有始无终也成为了其不容讳言的一方面特点。论文于此不仅意在总结陈去病的若干社团组织活动,更有意说明应从陈去病本人的角度出发,正确看待南社在一系列社团中的位置以及创办者陈去病对其的态度。第四章侧重于分析解读陈去病的诗歌理论与诗歌创作。陈去病的诗歌础论绝大部分出现于其晚年执教东南大学所作讲义《诗学纲要》之中,其中既包孕有追溯传统、呼唤诗学精神的回归,提出保持文学的独立品格及文品与人品的统一,推崇诗歌的社会功用性与传统诗教,同时又主张创新精神的光大,在对待学养、才情的态度上把持着难得一见的平衡与适度原则。对于陈去病诗歌的分类解析与艺术特色的归纳是本章重点,从诗歌的表现内容方面而言,民族主义旗帜下的振臂高呼最具有时代特征,同时也是最能代表陈去病精神追求的一部分作品,而他大量的游记类诗作多创作于旅途之中,以行者过客的视角捕捉画面,绕有情致。“时代风雨中的穷愁之思”展现更多的是独属于陈去病个人的情怀,同时也成为他负面情绪的宣泄途经,这种类似于背景式的情感基调也使陈氏的诗歌作品从整体上呈现出苍凉、沉郁的风格。从陈氏诗歌的艺术特色方面着眼,不难发现其对于前人作品艺术手法的有益借鉴,其中尤以韩愈最为突出,在陈氏的诗作,尤其足古体诗中,以散文笔法入诗的情况大量存在,另外,意象的组合与大胆运用,想象的新奇险怪等诸多方面也能从中看到韩愈的影响。然而与此同时,陈去病更为推崇的是诗歌创作的自由态度与气节精髓,因此他的诗歌风格多样,但其中又绝少“无意义之作”,广存暗指也成为了陈去病诗歌的特色之一论文的最后一章关注的是陈去病的新旧体文章,陈氏所处时代的过渡性特征在这一创作形式中体现的淋漓尽致,在对近代新旧体文章并存、对立且互相影响、渗透的复杂情况做大致介绍分析之后,论文同样以“新”、“旧”文体为标准分别讨论陈氏的文章创作。新文体散文创作方面,陈去病以报章体政论文最为出色,创作的高峰期集中在辛亥革命前后十年间,言语犀利,一针见血,极具政治家之风。传统骈散文依旧占据陈去病文章创作的大半,这部分作品与报章体文章相比距离时事更远,且更加个人化,因此知名度亦略逊一筹,却能从中真正发掘出陈去病的文章风格。之后论文以一节的篇幅略论陈去病唯一一部小说《莽男儿》的创作及未完成的戏曲作品《金谷香》的价值,前者的出现与中国一以贯之的侠文化的弘扬及近代侠文化产生突变等种种方面有着千丝万缕的联系,后者则是在戏曲中添加崭新元素的有益尝试,虽然作品价值不大,称不上成功,但本着研究完整性的角度考虑,论文亦将其作为一部分加以分析。综观陈去病一生的复杂经历,论文归纳了陈氏两方面f的根本性特点,即“文学上的追求实用”和“精神上的遗民认同”,可以说这两点是陈去病文学主张与文化活动的根本出发点,也成为陈氏一生行为观念中的“关键词”。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chen Qubing was an important political activist, revolutionary, poet and scholar in modern times. He worded Pei Ren and Chao Nan, who borned in Wujiang County Tongli Town of Jiang Su province. In modern times which had a complex social environment, Chen got the deeply influence by Wu culture and had some changes in the ideological aspects during his whole life. At last he chose revolutionary road. He had multiple identities and acrossed a number of fields, especially in the literature collection, organization, poetry creation had outstanding performance. This thesis focus on doing system analysis and ultimately produce a reasonable evaluation to Chen, and it from five major parts to analysis:Chapter1analysis Chen’s family and life. His hometown not only has a good tradition and deep cultural heritage, but also have ingrained of national thoughts and adherents’complex. Assembly behavior also become a tradition. All of these give Chen deeply impact. In this chapter, thesis will analysis the entire environment and characters of Chen’s hometown, also including famliy background. And then focus on Chen’s political activity and teaching experience, especially the relationship with mondern politicians, such as Sun Yat-sen and other three Nationalist leaders. According to analysis these relationship, more comprehensive understanding of his political thought.Chapter2analysis Chen’s cultural activities, including literature review and cutlure industrial activities. Chen’s literature review had remarkable characters, when he did this work, the original literature always was the base, and Chen liked to recreate. So these literature always had mixed state, especially in his literature of Ming dynasty’s adherents and chesters, and Qing dynasty’s history. Most of these two kinds literature collated before the1911Revolution. But his literature of hometown’s review was through to the end, and local autonomy and social ideological trend became the very important reasons. Cutlure industrial activities includes two parts:starting newspapers and creating schools. Chen always joint school, which had less typical significance than starting newspapers. So the thesis will detailed explanation the part of starting newspapers. Among all the newspapers,<Big Stage In Twentieth Century> is the most important one. This newspaper is China’s first specialized opera reform of combining theory and practice of newspapers and periodicals. Although it had only publication of two, it still played a critical role in the opera reform movement. Through the newspaper, we also can find the political forces of the three parties:the Qing government, reformists and revolutionaries in the reform movement played the different roles, and their contributions to the new-borned things in the specific historical environment. All of these can make people getting the fair evaluation. The final section of this chapter discusses Chen Qubing’s culture idea and value orientation. From the trend of thought, values and culture three aspects to analysis the character of the inherent contradiction state. Base on this, helping people from the deeper understanding of Chen Qubing’s value selection and cultural position.The third chapter is the emphasis of this thesis, this paper focuses attention to community organizations. Chen Qubing created six communities and this had occupied large proportion in his cultural activities. Before Southern Association, he had created four communities:Huang Association, Shen Jiao Association, Qiu Association and Kuang Association. These communities or purely for political purposes, or already have the social prototype, maintaining short time become its general character, also has exposed Chen Qubing founded organizations having a beginning but no end. The relationship between Chen Qubing and Southern Association is the key. First focus on the preparation and initiation of Southern Association, of course Chen Qubing took part in the Southern Association’s activity. Then thesis chooses two members of Southern Association:Liu Yazi, Xu Zihua. According to analysis their relationship and from the personal relationship perspective for getting more fair evaluation. When the Southern Association will disintegrate, Chen Qubing’s attitude is highly representative. He hesitated in the sequel of Southern Association:New Southern Association and Hu Nan Southern Association, which fully proving the ideological contradiction. And then, the thesis focus on analysising the deeply relationship between Chen Qubing and Southern Association. For Chen Qubing, Southern Association is his spiritual " attitude" and the old personal feelings reposing after the1911Revolution, also a powerful tool in his revolutionary career. For Southern Association, Chen Qubing has important significance. Not only is he three prior to the development of the main ally, there is even more dependent on Chen Qubing distinguished social activity ability to get regional partition, expand the society influence, in a certain sense, Chen Qubing has become a spiritual symbol. The last section of this chapter comment gains and losses by Chen Qubing. In addition to the clear position of the anti-Qing, the political role of high-profile intervention, help juniors spare no effort, having a beginning but no end, also become one of the features. In this paper not only intended to summarize Chen Qubing’s several community organizations, meaning that more from Chen Qubing’s point of view, correcting view of Southern Association in a series of community location as well as the founder of Chen Qubing toward it.Chapter4analysis Chen’s poetic theory and poetic creation. Most of Chen Qubing ’s poetic theory showed in<compendium>, which created when he was teaching Southeast University. In his poetic theory. From his works, we can find his thoughts, including maintain the independent character of literature and adhere to the unity of moral quality and literary quality, pay attention to the social function of poetry and traditional poetic education,"difference is important" and spirit of innovation and moderate principle in poetry creation favors. This chapter focus on analysising Chen Qubing’s poetic creation, including classification analysis of Chen’s poems and artistic characteristics of Chen’s poems. From the artistic characteristics on, it is not difficult to find the previous works of art is beneficial draw lessons from, among which the most prominent Han Yu, in his poems, especially of classical poetry, in prose into poetry there are a lot of cases. In addition, from the combination of images and a bold use of imagination, the novel strange and many also can see the influence of Han Yu. But at the same time, Chen Qubing more respected is the poetry creation freedom attitude and integrity essence, so his poems varied in style, but also rarely" meaningless work" alluding to the wide deposit has become one of the characteristics of Chen Qubing’s Poetry.The last chapter’s attention is Chen Qubing’s article body. Chen’s era in which the transitional feature in this creative forms embody the most incisive, the modern new body article coexists, opposition and influence each other, infiltration of the complex situation after analysis of a general introduction, similarly to the" new"," old" style as the standard respectively the article discussed the creation. From the new style of prose creation, Chen Qubing’s newspaper style political essays are most outstanding, creative peak concentration in before and after the1911Revolution of ten years, sharp words, pierce to the heart of the matter, which embodied a politician’s style. Traditional parallel prose still occupy the Chen Qubing article creation most, this works and newspaper articles on body compared to the distance farther, and more personalized, so visibility is also slightly inferior, but from the real excavated Chen Qubing’s article style. And then thesis analysis Chen’s fiction and drama creation. Chen wrote the only one fiction:<the True Man>. This fiction is Chinese chivalrous culture’s spread, also embodys modern Chinese chivalrous culture’s mutation. His drama also contains new elements and beneficial attempt. Although these works seem not perferct, they also have the important significance.According to Chen Qubing’s complex life experience, the thesis summarizes the two basic characteristics, namely," literature on the pursuit of utility" and" spiritual adherents of identity", we can say that the two points is Chen Qubing literary views and cultural activities of the fundamental starting point, also his life conception " key words".更多还原