【作者】 白雪；

【导师】 冯培红；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 历史文献学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 河西走廊历来就是各民族杂居之地。西汉统治河西以前,这里有塞种、乌孙、月氏、匈奴等少数民族栖息繁衍。汉武帝击败匈奴后,设置河西四郡,移民实边,这里成为以汉族为主、胡汉交融的地区。魏晋北朝是北中国民族结构变动最为剧烈的时期,河西走廊也不例外。曹魏王朝对河西统治较为薄弱,本土汉族大姓势力雄张,诸郡豪族割据自立,掀起动乱,同时卢水胡、羌等少数民族也纷起响应。魏晋时期,河西土著的氐、羌、卢水胡及休屠胡,纷纷东迁关中或南下西蜀；而鲜卑族则从东北迁徙到西北,尤其是秃发树机能领导的河西鲜卑,在西晋时掀起了历时较长的反抗斗争；一些西域胡人尤其是粟特人,因为经商贸易而来到河西。这与当时“五胡入华”的整体形势是相一致的。西晋末发生永嘉之乱,大量中原汉族流寓河西,使汉文化在河西地区得以延续,从而确保了汉文化在河西走廊的地位。十六国时期,前凉、西凉是汉族大姓建立的地方政权,尤其是前秦时期还迁徙了一万七千余户中原汉人来到河西西部。而从关陇西来的氐族、河西鲜卑及留居本土的卢水胡,在河西走廊分别建立了后凉、南凉与北凉王国。这一时期人口的掠夺性移动较强,前凉、后凉、北凉为中原王朝所灭后,许多凉州人户被徙出河西,尤其是北凉亡国后,凉州三万余家被迁往代北,沮渠氏余裔又裹挟了万余家进入西域,使得河西人口锐减,深刻地影响到北朝河西社会的变化。伴随着鲜卑族在河西走廊的统治,北朝时期许多漠北少数民族如匈奴、稽胡、高车等族纷纷南下,进入河西；由于北魏政府的西域招引政策,大量西域胡人东来中原,在河西走廊经商贸易,甚至定居营农,成为中原王朝的编户百姓。这样,在北朝时期的河西地区形成了新型的民族结构。这一时期,河西汉族大姓势力衰歇,不得不依附于鲜卑族的统治。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traditionally, Hexi Corridor has always been inhabited by many ethnic groups living together. Before the Western Han Dynasty, there were Saka, Wusun, Yuezhi, Xiongnu and other ethnic minorities. After defeating Xiongnu, Emperor Wu established the four prefectures, Jiuquan, Wuwei, Dunhuang, and Zhanye, and called for vaster immigration to the borderland, making Hexi Corridor the region inhabited mainly by Han, together with variety of ethnic groups. From Wei and Jin Dynasty to the Northern Dynasty, the ethnic structure of the North China changed rapidly. Hexi Corridor was no exception. In the Wei Dynasty, Because of the weak government, the local Han clans thrived and developed numerous separating forces for their own independence. Lushuihu and Qiang were also turbulent. During the Wei Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, a large-scale migration began, Di, Lushuihu, Qiang and Xiutuhu moving eastward to Guanzhong or southward to Xishu; Xianbei from the northeast to the northwest, waging a long struggle against the authority. Some Hu people from the western regions, especially the Sogdian, went to Hexi for commercial trade. All above tallies with overwhelming situation called "Five Minorities into China". At the end of the West Jin Dynasty, Yongjin Turmoil happened, forcing thousands of the Han people to migrate to Hexi, so that the Chinese culture maintained its position and continued thriving in Hexi Dorridor. In the period of Sixteen States, on one hand, the Han people grew up. The coming of seventeen thousand Han people in the period of Early Qin Dynasty had changed the western part of the Hexi Corridor, establishing the Former Liang and Western Liang as their local authorities. On the other hand, those ethnic minorities, including the Di came from the Guanlong, the Hexixianbei, and the local Lushuihu, also built up their own authorities, Later Liang, South Liang, and North Liang. The characteristic of this period was that the population moved frequently. After Former Liang, Later Liang, and North Liang had been destroyed by the Central China, thousands of people were moved out of the Liangzhou. The collapse of the North Dynasty brought thirty thousand people eastwards to Daibei, ten thousand people to the Western region. These made the population decreased sharply and had a profound impact on the Hexi society. Under the rule of Xianbei in Hexi Corridor, in the North Dynasty, many ethnic minorities, such as Xiongnu, Jihu, Gaoche, moved southward to Hexi. As the result of the policy to solicit business of North Wei dynasty, numerous Hu in the West regions went to the Central China for commercial trade. Some of them even settled for agriculture. Thus, in Hexi, the new ethnic structure was formed at last. It was at that time that the forces of Han Chinese declined and started to depend on the rule of Xianbei.更多还原