【作者】 王海；

【导师】 刘新华；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑环境艺术， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 宋代和明代是中国宫廷画院历史上的发展活跃期。宋明两代存在许多共同点,例如,它们都是大一统的汉族政权,统治时间都是300年左右,思想基础都是儒家学说,均执行重文轻武的政策,等等。明代比宋代更具备时代的优势,在画院发展水平的比较中也应该占据优势,然而事实却恰恰相反。在前人的研究成果中大都是单个朝代画院研究,并没有对比研究。本文的目的就是通过对比研究宋明两代的画院制度和画家,找出宋明画院水平发展差异的原因,并研究其对现代工笔画发展的启示。在宋明两代画院制度的对比中,本文分别对画院的体制、职官待遇和录取制度进行了研究。在对画家的对比中,分别对画家规模、画家来源和画家关系进行了研究。找到七条影响宋明画院水平差异的原因,属于外部因素的有:运行体制的因素、画家待遇因素、录取制度因素、皇帝态度因素;属于内部因素的有:画家规模因素、画家来源因素和画家态度因素。在两代画院的发展过程中,由于在这七方面的差异,导致了明代画院发展水平低于宋代的结果。在对画家的研究中,本文使用了数据统计分析方法,找到了对宋明两代历朝皇帝对画院重视程度能够进行量化对比的方式。本文认为导致宋明两代画院发展水平明弱宋强的因素对现代工笔画发展也具有重要的启示。通过以上研究总结出对现代工笔画持续发展的启示,包括对画家地位的认定、美术院校的综合化、画家职称评定的利弊和美术展览的导向;对画家的启示,包括画家的服务对象和画家的创作态度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The court painting institution development in Song and Ming dynasty is an active period. There are a lot common of t two dynasties, such as was rule by Han race, Confucianism was the foundation of cogitation, valued the culture policy over the military and so on. Generally speaking, Ming dynasty holds priority than Song at any aspect, and court painting institution should do the same, but the reality is the opposite. Most previous study on this point is focus on single dynasty. The purpose of this paper is found out the reason of diversity through comparing the study on the system of court painting institution and painter of these two dynasties. Prove enlightens to modern meticulous painting though this reach.In the comparing, this paper discussed court painting institution system, remuneration and enrollment system. In the compare of painters, it is discussed from proportion, resource and relationship. And find out 7 reasons that impact court painting institution level of two dynasties, outer factors include: operation system, painter treatment, enroll system, empires attitude; inner factors include: the extent of painter, the origin of painter, the attitude of painter. In the development of those court painting institutions, the 7 reasons above was due to the reason that Ming dynasty less than Sony.In the study of the artist, this paper used quantifies statistical date, through contrast way to analysis empires emphasis on court painting institution.This paper considered that the factors of Ming dynasty less than Sony in court painting institutions development, it is also bring enlightens to modern meticulous painting. Those enlightens include: identification of the social status of the artist, the integration of Art Colleges, influence on Job classification of painters and the site of art exhibition. This research also enlighten to artiest, include clients or consumer that artiest served for and creative attitude.更多还原