【作者】 李兰；

【导师】 李得春； 金光洙；

【作者基本信息】 延边大学 ， 亚非语言文学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 由于朝鲜语具有粘着特性,因而体词后面可以结合一个或多个词尾来实现多样化的语法功能。但是从朝鲜语的历史发展过程来看,朝鲜语词尾并不是一开始就出现在语言文字当中,而是在变化发展过程中,一部分词汇语素经过语法化过程逐渐失去了自身所固有的词汇意义而转变成为拥有语法单位的词尾。作为语法单位的词尾一经产生就经历了消极化过程以及词尾的意义和使用范围变化的过程,从而转变成为如今所使用的词尾形态。词尾经过上述变化过程最终出现了266种朝鲜语体词性词尾的结合类型,词尾的语法意义也因时期的不同而体现出不同语法意义。从历时角度考察,朝鲜语体词性词尾的结合类型大体可划分六种(一)体词性词尾结合的零形态。体词性词尾结合的零形态,指表示语法意义的两个语素在长期的结合使用过程中,其中一个语素逐渐失去语法功能而只保留音响形式,再到最后则消失。从历时角度看,这类结合现象在朝鲜语词尾中为数不少,例如,“(?)(?)”等具格词尾和其他词尾的结合情况便是。又如,“(?)”当中的“(?)”从使用之初就以零形式存在,最后完全消失。(二)一部分词尾在使用初期是以复合形式存在的,但是经过一定的发展变化之后,其形式逐渐凝固为一个词尾形态。例如,“(?)”,“(?)”,“(?)”等形式都从两个词尾的结合形式变化为单一的格词尾。(三)随着语法化程度的加深,体词性词尾的结合形式在排列顺序上发生了变化。现在的一部分添意词尾是由动词词干逐渐虚化而来的,例如“(?)”,“(?)”,“(?)”,“(?)”等添意词尾是他动词词干“(?)”,“(?)”,“(?),“(?)”与连接词尾相结合后虚化而成的。最初,这些词尾用于对格词尾之后,具有较明显的动词性,但是随着语法化程度的加深,它们逐渐用于对格词尾之前,其结合顺序发生了变化。例如,“(?)”,“(?)”。(四)有些表示语法意义的语素虽然保持了体词性词尾的结合形态,但是其功能已经发生了变化。在中世朝鲜语时期,“(?)”具有属格词尾的功能,.它经常与其他词尾相结合表示各种语法意义；但是到了17世纪中期,“一人”已经丧失了原来的语法功能,只用作复合词的标志。例如,“病(?)”中的“(?)”是与格词尾和属格词尾相结合的形式,表示“(?)”的意义,但是到了近代朝鲜语时期,其用法逐渐转变为复合词的标志,如“(?)”(五)在中世朝鲜语时期,添意词尾正处于实词虚化的过程,其类型非常有限。当添意词尾和格词尾相结合时,在大部分情况下添意词尾位于格助词之后,如“(?)”；但是到了近代朝鲜语时期,添意词尾逐渐前置,开始位于格助词之前,如“(?)”。(六)表示与格的“(?)”,“(?)”,“(?)”等词尾结合形式,到了19世纪未已基本消失。“(?)”、“(?)”、“(?)”、“(?)”,“(?)”等词尾结合形式则只用于15世纪。另外,词尾和词尾的结合形式还可以表示不同的语法意义。例如,与格词尾和属格词尾“(?)”结合后,可以表示“(?)”、“(?)”、“(?)”等多种语法意义,“(?)”则可以表示“(?)”、“(?)”,“(?)”等不同的语法意义。在朝鲜语中,体词性词尾的结合使用可增强语言文字的表现力,使表达更加简短、精炼,从而保障语义表达的顺畅和文体的简洁性。可以说,词尾和词尾的结合使用及其类型、功能的多样性,是朝鲜语作为黏着语所具有的重要特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the Korean has adhesive properties, which can made the back of the bod y combined with one or more endings to achieve a variety of grammatical functi ons. But from the historical development process, Korean ending did not start to appear in the language of them, but in the process of change and development, part of the vocabulary through the Grammatical Morpheme gradually lost its inhe rent meaning of the words transformed into a grammar unit suffix. As grammatic al units produced by the ending of a process to experience a negative process a s well as the meaning and use of ending the process of change, which transform ed into the form that we use nowadyas. After ending the process, of change cu Iminating in 266 kinds of Korean Nominal suffix Bond, ending the period of gram matical meaning of different expression by different grammatical meaning.From the perspective of historical development, the combination of Korean ty pe of ending can be divided into the following categories:(A) Nominal forms ending with the phenomenon of zero. Grammatical morphe me combination of two long-term use due to the loss of their grammatical funct ion only to maintain sound, and ultimately the disappearance of the situation, fro m the perspective of historical development of this form of the phenomenon of z ero suffix in the body of the combined use of part of speech which is not unco #12 #12 "from the very beginning to the existence and form of zero-morpheme eventuall y disappear.(B) the combined forms part of ending the existence initially, but after a cha nge of historical change into a single body part of speech ending. For example, " ingle cell endings, such as the dative ending, bit cell endings, help cell endings a nd so on.(C) With the deepening of the degree of grammar, the combination of body p arts of speech ending the order has changed. Tim is part of the verb stem mean s ending the abstract meaning of the ending turned into Tim’s.For example"(?) f grammatical meaning in tim ending.Initially they use in the grid before ending with a verb features,but with the syntax of the deeper,ending use the grid bef #12 #12(D)Although some grammatical morpheme ending maintain a combination of b ody parts of speech form,but its function has changed.In Korean during the Wo rld"ー (?)"plays the role of the genitive ending,combined with other suffixes re flect the diversity of grammatical meaning,but in the mid 17th century,"ー (?)"l ost its role in the genitive ending,it changed into a composite sign language.Su #12 h the genitive ending that "ー (?) (?) (?) (?)" meaning.In modern times,such as the u se of"(?) (?) (?)" ’s composite phenomenon has increased.(E)During the Korean times,add meaning ending is restricted,in the process of content words of the grammar,For example,"ー (?) (?) (?)",the suffix used in t he front.But went into the modern period in Korean,such as the ending of"(?) (?) (?)",that kind of ending was rising.(?) (?)"only used in the 15th century.In addition,the ending with the suffix combine to show a variety of grammati cal meaning.For example,dative and.genitive ending ending "ー (?)" combined wi #12 #12 ammatical meaning.Though the long-term use of combination of endings,improving the language and the expressiveness of the article,rather important thing is that the contents of which can be lengthy and demonstrated in a clear,concise,and protect the s tyle of simplicity. The combination of suffix type and grammatical meaning of di versity is an important feature in Korean.更多还原