【作者】 郑英宁；

【导师】 霍学喜；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 陕西属于欠发达省份,其农村公共物品供给是影响农村经济持续发展的关键因素之一。目前,陕西农村公共物品供给存在总量不足、质量不高、结构不合理、供给效率低等问题。尽管国家已出台系列支农和惠农政策,逐年加大对农村公共物品的投入力度,但具体供给哪些公共物品、怎样供给、供给效率如何,是陕西各级政府尤其是县乡政府决策时面临的重大现实问题。如何解决这些问题不仅与农村公共物品的供给数量和质量有关,更与农村公共物品的主要供给主体——政府对农户真实需求意愿的了解、把握和农户满足程度相关。因此,农村公共物品的有效供给不仅是关系到实现城乡统筹发展和全面建设小康社会的问题,而且也是学界和政界研究的热点和焦点问题之一。基于此,本文从农村公共物品供给模式、效率、农户满意度等方面对陕西农村公共物品供给进行研究,从理论层面回答谁来提供公共物品、怎样提供及提供的效果如何等问题。本文在梳理相关理论和国内外文献的基础上,首先从建国初期、人民公社时期、税费改革之前和税费改革之后四个阶段阐述陕西农村公共物品供给的演变过程,并利用2007年7-8月关中地区24个乡镇102个行政村的实地调研资料,分析了陕西农村公共物品供给现状及存在的主要问题;其次,运用协整分析、格兰杰因果检验和多元回归分析方法,实证分析了农村公共物品供给对农村经济发展的影响,以及各类农村公共物品供给对农村经济发展的影响程度;再次,运用模糊数学隶属度的分析方法,利用陕西农村1990-2008年的统计数据对陕西农村经济发展阶段作出定量判断,提出与陕西现阶段相适应的农村公共物品供给模式;第四,利用2009年6-12月陕西25个县(市)的1156份实地调研资料,从农户需求视角,分析了陕西农村公共物品供给的农户满意度,并综合运用多元统计中的因子分析法和二元离散选择模型,揭示了影响陕西农村公共物品供给农户满意度的主要因素;第五,运用数据包络分析(DEA)法测算2007年和2008年陕西11个市区的农村公共物品供给效率(包括综合技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率),对陕西不同地区农村公共物品的供给情况进行评价和比较;最后,从优化供给环境、完善供给机制与转变政府职能三方面提出改善陕西农村公共物品供给的对策。论文主要研究结论如下:(1)从全国来看,农村医疗卫生和教育事业应放在农村公共物品供给的优先位置。从陕西来看,农村基础教育、农业水利、农村道路、电力通讯设施建设水平,对陕西农民收入增长与农业生产发展具有显著的正向影响,农村公共物品供给对陕西农民收入增长与农业生产发展具有显著的规模效应。(2)20世纪90年代以来,陕西农村经济发展整体上处于成长阶段(即经济发展的第二阶段)向成熟阶段过渡时期。该时期,农户对公共物品需求较高的是纯公共物品,政府应该成为农村公共物品主要供给者,政府主导型农村公共物品供给模式是该时期的合理选择。(3)基于农户需求视角,陕西农户对农村公共物品供给满意度从高到低依次为基础教育、道路、医疗、农田水利设施、饮水设施、公共卫生、清洁能源、文化娱乐、农业科技推广与培训;农户期望政府投资和个人集资投向农村公共物品的意愿顺序一致,依次为农村道路、医疗、饮水设施、清洁能源、农业科技推广与培训、农田水利设施、基础教育、公共卫生、文化娱乐;基础型、保障型农村公共物品对农户满意度的影响极为显著;农户人均收入水平和清洁能源对其满意度影响显著;发展型农村公共物品对农户满意度影响较小;年龄、受教育水平及其家庭成员数对农户满意度有一定影响,但影响较小;性别对农户满意度没有影响。(4)2007年和2008年陕西铜川、宝鸡、渭南、杨凌、安康、商洛、延安和榆林8市(区)农村公共物品供给DEA有效;2007年和2008年关中、陕南和陕北三大地区农村公共物品供给的综合技术效率和规模效率均呈现一定的梯度特征,2007年陕北、陕南地区农村公共物品供给综合技术效率和规模效率水平高于关中地区,2008年陕北和关中的农村公共物品供给综合技术效率和规模效率水平高于陕南地区;2007年和2008年陕南地区农村公共物品供给的技术扩散差异程度及规模变化幅度均高于关中和陕北地区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shaanxi is a less developed province in China. The supply of rural public goods is one of the key factors that restrain its rural development. At present, the main problems with its rural public goods supply include insufficient total supply, low supply quality, unreasonable supply structure, non-supply-efficiency or low-supply-efficiency. The issues as what kinds of public goods should be supplied, how to supply and how the supply efficiency is matter greatly for governments of various levels especially the county and town governments. The solving of these problems does not only depend on the supply quality and quantity of rural public goods but also depends on governments’understanding and satisfying of farmers’real demand for rural public goods. Thus the effective supply of rural public goods is not only a problem within rural areas but also a matter for a balanced rural-urban development and the building of a well-off society. Because of the significance of this problem, it has become the focus of academic circle as well as the political circle. Based on rural public goods’significances mentioned above, this paper, studying from the perspectives of rural public goods’supply mode, supply efficiency and farming households’satisfaction degree, aims to answer the questions as who should offer rural public goods, how to offer and how is its offering effect in theory.The structure of this paper is as follows: First, the evolving process of Shaanxi rural public goods supply is elaborated. The whole process is composed of four stages namely Early Days of New China, the People’s Commune Period, Pre-rural-tax-and-fee-reform Period and Post-rural-tax-and-fee-reform Period. At the same time, by using the data collected by a field investigation of the 102 villages in the middle part of Shaanxi area’s 24 towns from July to August, 2007, the status quo of and the main problems with Shaanxi rural public goods supply are analyzed. Second, by using the methods of Co-Integration Analysis, Granger Causality Test and Multiple Regression Analysis, empirical analyses of the influence of rural public goods supply on rural economic development and the influencing degrees of different kinds of rural public goods supply are conducted. Third, by a fuzzy mathematics membership degree analysis of Shaanxi rural areas’statistical data from 1990 to 2008, Shaanxi rural areas’development stages are quantitatively concluded and the rural public goods supply mode which adapts to the current development stage of Shaanxi is put forward. Fourthly, from the perspective of farming households, using 1,156 data collected from a field investigation conducted in 25 counties in Shaanxi, from June to December, 2009, rural public goods supply satisfaction degrees are analyzed. At the same time, by comprehensive employment of Factor Analysis Method and Dualistic Discrete Choice Model, key factors that have an influence on Shaanxi rural public goods supply satisfaction degree are revealed. Fifthly, for effective and accurate assessment and comparison of different Shaanxi rural areas’rural public goods supply conditions, 11 cities’2007 and 2008 year rural public goods supply efficiencies (including comprehensive technology efficiency, pure technology efficiency and scale efficiency) are calculated by DEA method. At last, for the improvement of Shaanxi rural public goods supply, suggestions as optimizing supply environment, perfecting supply mechanism and transferring government’s roles are made.The conclusions of this paper are as follows:Viewed nationally, health care and education should be prioritized. Viewed from Shaanxi, rural primary education, agriculture water engineering, rural road, power and communication system construction conditions all have dramatic positive effects on farmers’income increase and agriculture production. Besides, rural public goods supply has economies of scale effect on farmers’income increase and agriculture development.From 1990s till now, on the whole, Shaanxi rural areas are transforming from economic development growing stage to economic development maturity stage. In this period, pure public goods are demanded comparatively worse among farmers. This situation objectively requires that government is the main public goods supply body. Thus government-led rural public goods supply mode is the reasonable choice for this period.From farming household’s perspective, rural public goods supply satisfaction degrees, from high to low, are in turns rural primary education, road, health care, agriculture water engineering, drinking water facilities, public sanitation, clean energy, culture and entertainment, agriculture extension and training. The order of farming household’s expectation of government investment field coincides with that of individually collected funds’investment inclination. This order is rural road, health care, drinking water facilities, clean energy, agriculture extension and training, agriculture water engineering, primary education, public sanitation, culture and entertainment. Fundamental-type and secure-type public goods have very significant influence on farming household’s satisfaction degree. Farming household’s per capita income and clean energy have significant influence on farming household’s satisfaction degree. Development-type public goods influence farming household’s satisfaction degree to a smaller extent. Age, education level and number of family members can make influence on farming household’s satisfaction degree, only to a slight extent. Gender makes no influence on farming household’s satisfaction degree. The supply of public goods in Tongchuan, Baoji, Weinan, Yangling, Ankang, Shangluo, Yan’an and Yulin in 2007and 2008 are all EDA effective. The comprehensive technology efficiency level and scale efficiency level in northern and southern part of Shaanxi is higher than that in the middle part of Shaanxi in 2007. While the comprehensive technology efficiency level and scale efficiency level in northern and middle part of Shaanxi is higher than that in the southern part of Shaanxi in 2008. The differentiation of technology diffusion in southern part of Shaanxi is higher than that in northern and middle part of Shaanxi in 2007 and 2008.更多还原