【作者】 李钰；

【导师】 王军；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 陕、甘、宁三省(区)是中国生态环境最为脆弱的省份之一。以黄土高原、戈壁绿洲为代表的典型生态脆弱地区不同程度地面临着自然灾害频发、生态系统失调、社会经济落后等诸多严峻问题。在这样一个极其特殊的区域中,人类应当如何适应、利用脆弱自然生态环境,协调建筑、聚落与资源、经济、社会之间的内在矛盾,建立并发展符合区域整体特征、生产生活规律的乡村人居环境,是一道亟待解决的生存难题。然而,截至目前,陕甘宁生态脆弱地区的乡村人居环境一直缺乏系统、深入的科学研究。无论是建设理念,还是技术方法均存在着大量研究空白,深刻反映出人类知识结构的欠缺以及人与自然的不和谐关系。由于缺乏因地制宜的建设理论指导和共同认可的努力目标,能够解决当下问题的人居环境建设对策屈指可数,造成了区域内更大程度的“建设性”破坏。为此,迫切需要对该地区的聚居、社会、经济、环境等问题展开系统、翔实的科学研究,从认识论、方法论和技术层面认真总结区域性乡村人居环境的发展规律,积极探索适宜性的建设理论与可操作模式。本研究以特定区域生态环境与人居环境的内在关联作为研究切入点,综合运用人居环境学等指导理论、方法,通过广泛的调查与深入的资料收集,将以农村聚落、乡土建筑为代表的乡村人居环境对象还原于脆弱生态系统的宏观背景之中,找寻、揭示其中影响人居环境形成、发展的主要因素、特定规律与具体特征,挖掘出人居环境中可能蕴含的营建规律与生存智慧。在此基础上,结合当代生态脆弱地区农村建设的发展方向,归纳总结出适应地域性资源、生产、生活特征的乡村人居环境适宜性建设模式,为今后的相关研究、实践提供了可资借鉴的思路与方法。研究工作的创新之处概括如下:1.首次系统研究了陕甘宁生态脆弱地区乡土建筑、乡村聚落的演变历史,揭示出区域人居环境发展的整体脉络与阶段特征。研究发现,生态脆弱地区的人类在不断改变生态环境、生产业态的同时,其建筑、聚落的形态、特征一直处在与之协调共存的动态变化过程之中,其营造体系体现出对各历史阶段生存环境的高度适应性。2.研究将不同层次的人类居住环境与自然、社会、经济系统纳入统一研究体系,系统剖析了陕甘宁生态脆弱地区乡村人居环境中蕴含的“营建规律”,明确了区域性人居环境与自然生态系统之间的共生互补关系。研究成果表明,人类聚居环境的“营建规律”形成了复杂的有机结构体系,具有着典型的层级特征,是人类在漫长的营建活动中,将具体的自身建造活动与特定地区中抽象的自然、社会、思维规律相结合的最终产物。3.研究以人居环境科学为理论指导,在充分尊重区域人居环境的独特生成背景与形成、发展、演变规律基础上,以能动运用“营建规律”为实现手段,积极探索如何利用区域性优势资源以及传统建造技术的当代发展可能,提出了基于地域特征的陕甘宁生态脆弱地区“适宜性”人居环境建设模式理论。这一成果涵盖了“生产技术”、“营建技术”、“管理制度”以及“居住价值观”四个组成部分,具备了“适宜”、“协调”和“创新”的系统特征,有助于人们把握区域性人居环境建设的本质属性与发展方向,从而对未来乡村人居环境的良性发展起到积极的推动作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shanxi, Gansu and ningxia are the most vulnerable ecological environments areas in China. As the representative of the typical ecological fragile areas, loess plateau and HeXi oasis are faced with different level of natural disasters, ecological system dysregulation, social economic backwardness and so on many serious problems. In such an extremely special area, humans should know how to adapt to the natural ecological environment, coordinating architecture, settlement with resources, economy and society. The inherent contradiction between to build and develop accord with overall regional characteristic is a urgent survival problems.However, up to now, the rural living environment in the ecological fragile areas still lacking system, further scientific research. Whether construction idea, or technical methods all there are massive research blank, it reflect the lack of human knowledge structure and the unharmonious relationship between people and the natural environment. Because of the lack of measures to the construction theoretical, it caused a greater number of "constructive" destruction. Therefore, the urgent need for the scientific research of the region inhabits, social, economic and environmental problems, and explores suitability of construction theory and operation mode.This study to specific regional ecological environment and living environment of internal connection of breakthrough point, comprehensive use as a research study guide theory, such as living through extensive investigation method, with in-depth data collection, will with rural settlement, vernacular architecture, as a representative of the rural residential environment object reduction in the delicate ecosystems macroscopic background in, looking for, to reveal its influence the formation and development of the living environment, specific rules and main factors specific features, dig out the residential environment in the construction of law and may contain existence wisdom. On this basis, combining modern ecological fragile areas the development direction of rural construction, summed up regional resources, production, to the rural residential environment characteristics of life the suitability for future construction mode, the related research and practice provides reference for the train of thought and method.Research innovation place summed up as follows:1. The first systematic study of the ecological fragile areas vernacular architecture, rural settlement, reveals the development history of the development of regional inhabitation environment with the overall context stage characteristic. Ecological fragile areas, the study found in changing the human ecological environment, production at the same time, its building formats the form, characteristic, settlements and has been at the dynamic change of coordinate coexistence, during its build system of different historical stages reflects high flexibility living environment.2. Research combines different levels of human living environment and the natural, social and economic systems into unity research system. It elaborates ecological fragile areas rural residential environment contains "construction" rule, has been clear about the regional inhabitation environment and natural ecological system symbiotic complementary relationship. Research results show that human settlements "construction" rule formed complex organic structure system, with a typical characteristic.3. Research in the residential environment science as a theoretical guide in fully respect the unique regional inhabitation environment formation background and formation, is put forward based on the regional features of ecological fragile areas "appropriateness" residential environment construction mode theory. This achievement covers "production technology" and "construction technology", "management system" and "living values" four parts, with the "appropriate" and "coordination" and "innovative" the characteristics of the system.更多还原