【作者】 康家玉；

【导师】 王孟效；

【作者基本信息】 陕西科技大学 ， 制浆造纸工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 随着地球环保压力的加大,我国对制浆造纸企业的环保整治力度也进一步加强,废水处理成为每一个制浆造纸企业所必须关注的问题。生物处理作为一种主要的二级处理方式,可以使废水大量回用或达标排放,正在被越来越多的制浆造纸企业所采用。生物处理工艺确定后,系统能否高效、低耗、稳定地工作,关键就在于它们的过程控制。一个优良的过程控制系统可以使处理过程以最少的运行费用发挥最高的运行效率。尽管制浆造纸废水的污染特性会因为制浆造纸工艺、工段的不同而不同,但它们还是有共同的特点,与市政污水的污染特性有很大区别。这就决定了制浆造纸废水的生物处理具有其独特性,从运行费用的角度,主要表现如下:厌氧过程调节pH值需要投加大量的酸和碱;好氧过程控制溶解氧(DO)浓度需要人工曝气花费的电耗以及大量氮(N)、磷(P)营养物的投加费用。本文针对上述问题从过程控制的角度,展开了理论和应用技术方面的研究。论文主要做了以下研究工作:1)以山东某纸厂实际的制浆废水厌氧处理过程为背景,研究了厌氧过程中pH值的控制。建立了pH值调节系统的数学模型,组建了模糊PID控制系统,并用MATLAB仿真软件对其进行了仿真研究,比较了PID控制、模糊控制和模糊PID控制的阶跃响应、抗干扰响应,对比分析了模型参数摄动时这三种控制算法的鲁棒性能,结论是模糊PID控制算法的各项性能最好。2)以山东某纸厂实际的制浆中段废水和抄纸废水的好氧处理过程为背景,研究了好氧曝气过程中DO的控制。建立了曝气系统的数学模型,组建了DO调节的模糊PID控制系统,也用MATLAB仿真软件对其进行了仿真研究,比较了PID控制、模糊控制和模糊PID控制的阶跃响应、抗干扰响应,对比分析了模型参数摄动时这三种控制算法的鲁棒性能,结论是模糊PID控制算法综合了模糊调节作用和积分作用,使它的各项性能最佳。3)以加拿大White Birch Paper Company制浆造纸厂的废水活性污泥好氧处理过程为背景,研究了制浆造纸废水好氧处理过程中N、P营养物的投加量控制。首先以国际水质协会IAWQ (International Association Water Quality原国际水污染研究与控制协会)推出的活性污泥ASMl(Active Sludge Model 1)数学模型为基础,根据制浆造纸废水的污染特性,加入了N、P营养物浓度对微生物的影响,对数学模型进行了适当的修改,得到适合于制浆造纸废水的活性污泥ASM1-PP模型;然后把得到的模型用加拿大Hydromantis公司的GPS-X污水处理仿真软件对其进行仿真,并用文献中记录的实例过程数据,对得到的ASM1-PP模型进行校准;最后用经过校准的ASM1-PP模型为生物处理中心,组建了实例中废水处理系统的仿真模型,并对N、P营养物的投加量控制进行了仿真研究,找出了N、P投加量的控制规律。4)把仿真得到的pH值和DO的最佳控制算法以及N、P投加量的控制规律应用于实例系统的过程控制。设计了一套制浆造纸废水生物处理过程控制系统,实现了把模糊PID算法分别应用于厌氧过程pH值和好氧过程DO的控制;并且把N、P营养物的投加量控制仿真研究中找出的N、P投加量的控制规律应用于N、P投加量的专家控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increament of the world wide environmental protection pressure, China also gives more pressure to pulp & paper industry for environment & management. Wastewater treatment becomes a focus for every pulp & paper company. As a major treatment way, biological treatment can make a lot of wastewater reuse or discharge standards, is increasingly being used by the pulp and paper companies. Once the biological treatment process is determined, whether the system can working in efficient, low consumption, stable state, the key lies in their process control. A good process control can handle the running costs of the system to play with the highest operating efficiency.Characteristics of pulp and paper wastewater pollution can be different because of their pulp and paper process and section, but they still have common characteristics, which are very different with municipal sewage’s pollution characteristics. This determines the biological treatment of pulp and paper effluent is unique. Seeing from the performance of its operating costs, lies in three main areas: adjusting the pH at the anaerobic system with the addition of acid and alkali; the power consumption of artificial aeration at aerobic process to control the dissolved oxygen(DO) and the cost of addition of N and P nutrients at aerobic process.In this paper, the control of these three studies carried out, mainly to do the following work:1) A pH control system is established with the actual pulp and paper wastewater anaerobic treatment system in Shandong as the background. A mathematical model of pH regulation system is established and the formation of a pH adjusting with fuzzy PID control system is designed. Simulation using MATLAB was carried out to compare the PID control, fuzzy control and fuzzy PID control of the step response and interference response. Conclusion is that the performance of fuzzy PID control is the best.2) A DO control system is also established with the actual pulp and paper wastewater aerobic treatment system in Shandong as the background. A mathematical model of DO aeration system is established. The Fuzzy PID system for DO control is designed. MATLAB simulation was carried out to compare the PID control, fuzzy control and fuzzy PID control of the step response. The conclusion is that Fuzzy PID control synthesises of fuzzy integral role in regulation and that it can meet the rapid response to requirements at the same time to be no overshoot.3) With White Birch Paper Company of Canada Pulp and paper mill activated sludge aerobic wastewater treatment system for the background, the N, P nutrients dosage control system for pulp and paper aerobic wastewater treatment is researched. At first, a pulp and paper mill wastewater sludge ASM1-PP model is designed basing on the activated sludge ASMl mathematical model introduced by IAWQ (International Association Water Quality), with appropriate modifications conside to the characteristics of pulp and paper wastewater pollution. By adding the influence of N, P nutrient concentrations on microbial to the mathematical model, it is suitable for activated sludge aerobic wastewater treatment system of the pulp and paper mill.Then, Simulation and Calibration of ASM1-PP model are maded using the GPS-X wastewater treatment simulation software designed by Canadian Hydromantis. During the simulation work, the literature data obtained by the process is used. Finally, an instance of wastewater treatment system simulation model is setted up with the calibrated ASM1-PP model as the biological treatment center. A simulation study on the N, P nutrient dosage is maded, in order to find some of the law of its control system.4) The optimum control algorithm and control law is applied to an instance of the process control system. Designed a set of pulp and paper wastewater biological treatment process control system, in which the Fuzzy PID algorithms are used in the process of pH in anaerobic and DO in aerobic processes control; and a system based on expert control of N, P dosing is designed, using some of the rules getted by the N, P dosage simulation更多还原